TOLERATION is a key virtue in most religions and cultures which has received increasing attention from researchers in the past one hundred years. Despite massive efforts to clarify its conceptual meaning, it seems that no satisfactory result has obtained yet. Application of this term in different methodologies, views, schools of thought, and approaches by different people as well as its use in different scientific fields such as philosophy, ethics, religion, social sciences, politics, psychology, and history on one hand, and its imprecise and indiscriminate application in the linguistics domain in the form of equivocation and content participation on the other hand, have brought about ambiguity in its meaning and transmission, in a way that some have suggested that the term is paradoxical. Nonetheless, as a major concept, TOLERATION presents a spectrum of methods of behaving against the opposite thoughts. It starts from endurance and leads to permissiveness in the mystic knowledge domain. In other words, the relationship between TOLERATION and permissiveness is that of general to specific rather than equality or distinction. The religious outcomes of this study include the conceptual clarification of the two foregoing terms and familiarity with the conditions and problems that exist in them in the traditional and modern paradigms. Moreover, the study will set the grounds for classification and categorization of the TOLERATION-oriented and permissiveness -oriented teachings in the Islamic mysticism.

This article is based on a research about 21 of the best selling Iranian popular novels, which were published in the last decade. Article can be conceptualized as a genre study. It uses Schatz model as its main theoretical framework. Schatz studying Hollywood cinema had identified two genres: genre of order and genre of integration. In order to define the conventions of such genre in literature, article also uses Radaway"s definitions of Romance.Article identifies 14 textual conventions. After defining each convention, all sampled novels are searched, in order to estimate the occurrence of such convention, in each text. Article comes to conclude that most of the identified conventions accrue in most of the sampled novels. This can also mean that housewives as the main reader of such novels have become the opinion leaders of the literature market. Such finding can have special consequences for both cultural policy makers and publishers. Experienced, creative and educated authors by gaining a better understanding of the conventions of genre of integration can create works which might help to improve the aesthetics of today's popular novels and by doing so the taste of its readers can also be improved.

TOLERATION is forbearance without approval. It was the rule among the ancient Greeks (and also among the Romans) until religion became so identified with the state affairs that the refusal to accept the state religion was treason to the government.TOLERATION is a doctrine that a citizen may adopt or discard any religion without interference on the part of the state. Also" Cuius regio eius religio" (one must obey the religion of his king) lost its enforcement. TOLERATION became practically universal during the 19th century. In a legal sense TOLERATION is now coextensive with civilization.

Nowadays TOLERATION toward different groups’ beliefs and cultures is needed more than ever. This is because variety in different contexts has reached a level that life without having a minimum of social TOLERATION will be impossible. In this study we specifically tried to evaluate the influence of social capital on TOLERATION toward criminals in the city of Sari according to theories of Putnam and Fukuyama. King categorization was used in evaluation of TOLERATION toward criminals. Statistical society in this study was all 18-35 years old young people in the city of Sari. Using Cochran Formula 400 of them was chosen by applying multi-level cluster sampling. The data needed in this study was also gathered using questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using “ SPSS” and “ Amos” software. The results suggested that the structure of trust with two dimensions of “ General trust” and “ Inter-personal trust” and the structure of relations with two dimensions of “ Formal relations” and “ Informal relations” had a positive and significant effect on TOLERATION toward criminals. Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (TOLERATION toward criminals). Finally, the fitted model has been able to explain 24 percent of changes in the dependent variable (TOLERATION toward criminals).

We are witnessing a new phase of globalization that can be characterized as hybrid. This conceptualization follows the concept of hybrid warfare and essentially encompasses the tense process of ongoing globalization and simultaneous local and regional resistance to it. As a result, identities worldwide are becoming uncertain, fluid (Zygmunt Bauman), or even dissolved. This process of dissolution leads to fragmented identities, held together with difficulty by age-old ideologies - or by violence. An alternative way of securing identity in this process of dissolution is the mutual recognition of the world's civilizations, which tolerance necessarily presupposes. Tolerance, however, also implies drawing the line at what is not to be tolerated. It is precisely in a process of mutual recognition that differences must not be overlooked. For example, tolerance is understood as a right in the liberal understanding, but as a task and duty in Islamic thinking. But we must not stop at the differences. In this respect, a perspective of tolerance as a process is developed here and clarified with the concept of an ascending cycle. The concept of Mulla Sadra, the important Islamic philosopher, contains the seeds of a concept of tolerance that is indispensable for intercultural dialogue and preserving identity.

The subject of this article is to deliberate Locke and Spinoza’ s arguments for liberty and TOLERATION. In order to achieve this, first i have defined and clarified the two main concepts of this project; TOLERATION and liberty. Then I have discussed the context which causes initiation of defending TOLERATION and liberty in modern ages while discussing the defending theories for religious and political violence in brief. After these, Spinoza’ s arguments supporting for TOLERATION and liberty are presented in detail and next, John Lock’ s arguments are expressed. In the end, the regard of these two philosophers’ arguments defending TOLERATION and liberty alongside the arguments defending religious and political violence has been deliberated. I have tried to show that which argument defending TOLERATION takedown which principle defending religious or political violence.

During Ilkhanid era (656-736 A.H.), religious changes in Iran was followed by a relative development of Shiite thought in comparison to the past. Several researches have arisen out of this historical phenomenon; some relate it to "Mongols' religious TOLERATION". Reexamining Ilkhanids' politics against different religions and sects, and presenting a clear view of religious status of this era, this article is to consider truth or falsity of the aforementioned idea.

This paper investigated TOLERATION, as recognition of different others, and it's factors and consequences among Shirazian families. Theories reviewed, and research model designed with 7 hypothesis about TOLERATION factors and 3 about that's consequences. In a survey, 701 families at Shiraz city selected with cluster random sampling method and completed questionnaire. Results showed that parent education, mass media use, life services, family income, family social relation and civic engagement have significant relationship with TOLERATION in family. Also Family members deviances, lying and tendency to escape from family showed negative relationship with TOLERATION. According to path analysis, family relations with other families and sources had higher impact on TOLERATION in family.