Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by insulin deficiency and is associated with multiple complications, particularly in cases of poor glycemic control. This study evaluated different inflammatory markers (CRP, ESR, and Leukocyte counts) and their correlation with glycemic control and complications in Libyan T1DM patients. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 T1DM patients in the age rage of 12-75 years in March to August 2024. All patients underwent laboratory assessments included Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), complete blood count (CBC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) tests. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0. Elevated HbA1c significantly correlated with ESR (p=0.003), CRP (p=0.001), and monocyte count (p=0.012). Out of the study cohort, 37 patients (44.0%) experienced several diabetes-related complications, with retinopathy and nephropathy being the most frequently reported (10.7% each). Persistent hyperglycemia exacerbates immune dysregulation and increased risk of complication, underscoring the need for integrated monitoring of glycemic and inflammatory indices in T1DM management to prevent long-term adverse outcomes.

In the second half of the fifth century AH, The political and economic crises in the Fatimid Khalifat and their conflicts with the Seljuks in Sham led to the establishment of local governments in the region. The most prominent of these governments was the Banu Ammar state government in TRIPOLI. Banu Ammar governors whose policies were more efficient than the Fatimids' and the Seljuks' managed to maintain their independency and establish their self-government. Banu Ammar's ten-year resistance to the Crusaders was achieved by virtue of their tolerant policies. Finally, the lack of Muslim governments' support for Banu Ammar, along with internal rebellions in TRIPOLI led to the fall of the city against the Crusaders. This study by applying the library method and making use of original sources deals with this government's attitudes towards and its political relations with the Seljuks, Fatimids and the Crusaders.

In the latter half of the fifth century AH, the emergence of political and economic crises in Fatimid government and the Fatimids’ struggles with Saljuqids in Syria led to the establishment of local governments in that region. One of the most prominent local governments was the Twelver Shiite State of Bani Ammar in TRIPOLI. Bani Ammar dynasty made a lot of efforts to start economic development and cultural advancement in that city, and the establishment of a Science House (Dar al-Ilm) in TRIPOLI by that dynasty had a great role in diffusing Islamic culture and civilization and transferring that culture to Europe. The Science House was one of the most affluent libraries of Islamic world in fifth century. Under that dynasty, due to the scientific attraction of TRIPOLI, the scientists and scholars would travel to that region from different parts of the world, serving the rulers of Bani Ammar dynasty. The founders of that Science House, inspired by other Shiite governments, were influential in prosperity and dynamism of Shiism in Syria region. Ensuing the fall of that dynasty by Crusaders in the early sixth century, the library of the Science House was put on fire. The present study was conducted using the library sources, and deals with the cultural conditions of TRIPOLI and the formation of Science House of that city, using the primary sources.

Moringa oleifera Lam. Belongs to the family Moringaceae is recorded for the first time as introduced species in the flora of Libya, this record is add a new family as well. Few trees of M. oleifera were seen in two places, the first one at the petroleum clinic garden in TRIPOLI city, and the second one at Ghat hospital garden in the south-west of the country, these trees were introduced by Indian physicians who were working at these hospitals before forty years ago. In the last four years, the cultivation of this species was expanded in many parts of the country for its nutritional and medicinal value. Morphological description is provided to facilitate further identification of this species and to warrant its future detection as well.

Abomeein Din al-Hakim Naser Ben Khosrow Ghobadiani Marvazi, poet, writer, philosopher and traveler, which describe the pilgrimage to the Hindu brother and servant wrote. In seven years, more than a hundred cities and territories such as Azerbaijan, Armenia, Asia Minor, Aleppo, TRIPOLI, Damascus, Syria, Palestine, Tunisia and Sudan had violated and notes written about them which is one of the most important travel Iran and the world. In this travelogue, Naser Khosrow tries to enter any cities, and urban elements that were important to him in his pen describe. Although Nasser Khosrow was unaware of Urban Science; But his attention was about the elements of the city. The reader today, brings the idea in the Seljuk period. And the reader is familiar with the art of urban design at the time. The purpose of this paper is to focus on urban design elements that Naser Khosrow described in the itinerary. This article was written descriptive and analytical methods and techniques based data collection tool library. The results indicate seven major element of urban design that Naser Khosrow them during his seven-year journey is examined.

The battle of Muslims with the Crusaders took place when disturbances in the region of Sham, especially in the north, prevented their confrontation with European forces; as a result, the circumstances were brought about for the establishment of European rule in Edessa, Antioch, Jerusalem and TRIPOLI. Internal conflicts in the northern cities of Sham and prolonged encounters with the Turkmens, Crusaders, and rulers of Mosul and southern Sham caused insecurity in these areas. This insecurity was intensified by factors, such as epidemics, consecutive famines and the maladministration of governors. In this paper, the researcher attempts to use statistical data to evaluate the impact of war, famine and disease on insecurity in Northern Sham on the verge of the Crusaders’ attack. For this purpose, primary sources such as “ al-Kā mil fī al-tā rī kh” , Ibn al-Qalanisi’ s “ Mudhayyal Ta’ rikh Dimashq” , and “ Zubdat al-halab min tarikh Halab” were examined; cases of insecurity were extracted and the severity of their impact was analyzed based on the words these sources used to describe the “ insecurity” and its underlying factors.