In this paper, the extraction of iron and vanadium from Titanomagnetite sources was studied by a reduction roasting process. Titanomagnetite has a spinel structure, and roasting facilitates its decomposition, making it easier to separate iron and titanium. In the roasting stage, several key parameters including temperature, particle size, and oxidation roasting were investigated for the iron separation, and a magnetic separator was used at a field intensity of 800 G to enrich the roasted product. For iron extraction, decreasing the particle size resulted in an increase in grade, and increasing temperature and oxidation did not have a positive effect on increase in grade. The highest iron grade and recovery were 65.32% and 65.77%, respectively, and were obtained with a particle size less than 38µm and a temperature of 550°C. The tailings from the magnetic separation stage contain titanium and vanadium, so the separation of vanadium was investigated using salt roasting at a temperature of 900°C and a roasting time of 2 h followed by leaching with water. The highest grade and recovery of vanadium oxide were obtained at 67.51% and 69.4%, respectively.

Principally, mineral processing and beneficiation process on some placer mines can be considered from two points of view i.e. technical and economical aspects. Although, co-extraction of some strategic elements with high added value is conceivable, utilizing of these type of mines is also possible as raw material and feed in ferrous and non-ferrous metal industry. In this research, feasibility study of placer mine beneficiation for co- extraction of strategic elements and Iron has been investigated. Firstly, mineralogy, chemical properties and physical properties of samples have been studied via different characterization methods such as: screening, XRD, XRF, OM and EPMA analysis. Furthermore an appropriate process has been designed by using the gravity separation, ball mill grinding and magnetite separation in order to achieve suitable fineness for iron, titanium and vanadium concentrates. The designed process is capable of producing the ore concentrate with approximate 57 wt% Iron,  8wt% TiO2 and 0.8 wt% V2O5. The outcome of the aforementioned process is valuable since it has been shown in the literature that the extraction of vanadium can be completed by leaching process with hot water and separation of titanium can be achieved during the melting process of iron from the slag.

The placer ore deposit of Ataeieh is located in south west of Mashhad and central Iranian microplate. The petrography and mineralography studies of VTM placer ore deposit, showed that the main ores in this area from high to low amounts are: magnetite, Titanomagnetite, hematite and ilmenite. It revealed that the ultramafic and gabbros are the main source for opak minerals by mineralography Studies. The SEM-EDS, EPMA and XRM studies on the placer ore deposit and their origion presentaded remarkable results. The SEM investigation showed that, in the magma crystallization the solid soulution is formed between Titanomagnetite and ilmenite at 800° C and then with the decreasing of temperature up to 600° C the ilmenite and magnetite exsolution lamella segreqates and separated from Titanomagnetite phase either the ophiolite sequence is the source of this deposit. Titaniumand Vanadium enter to the ilmenite and Titanomagnetite in gabbroic rocks whit continuing of magma crystallization. The EPMA analysis on gabbroic units showed that these rocks are origion for Ti and V for placer units.

The performance of sulfonated-Titanomagnetite nanoparticles (Fe3-xTixO4-SO3H NPs) as useful and recyclable nanocatalyst for the synthesis of dihydroquinazoline and hexahydroquinoline derivatives through multi-component reaction approach in solvent-free condition were investigated extensively. The successful synthesis of mentioned derivatives was confirmed using Fourier-Transform InfraRed (FT-IR) as well as 1H/13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies. According to the results, the employed nanocatalyst has some advantages such as high catalytic activity in short reaction time, good-to-excellent isolated yields in most cases, easy workup process, smooth processing feature of the reactions, facile recovery using an external magnetic field, and re-usability for four times without significant loss in its activity.

The studied volcanic alkaline rocks with 32.7±6 Ma years age are croped out along the south - east of Urumiyeh- Dokhtar Volcanic Beltin Kerman province. Based on the TAS classification these rocks are divided in to tephriphonolite and phonolite which belong to high-K alkaline rocks. These rocks are composed of pyroxene, plagioclase, sanidine, nepheline, analcime and Titanomagnetite minerals. Diopside is the only pyroxene identified in the study area. In the most of the phenocrysts the amount of MgO in the core is more than the rims while the amount of FeO is high in the rims. This trend shows a normal fractionation during magmatic evolution. The composition of pyroxene phenocrysts is from WO47.8 En38.8 FS13.4 to WO45.6 En35.7 FS18.8-Sanidine is the only K-feldspar present in these rocks and has a composition ranges from Or62.7to Or93.8 Most of the plagioclase phenocrysts have Ca-rich cores and more Na-rich rims which is attributed to normal magmatic fractionation. The composition range of plagioclase is An5o.83 to An59.2. Trapezohedrs of analcime comprise up to 40% of the rocks and the composition of the analcime trapezohedrs are remarkably homogeneous. The analcime is interpreted as having formed by ion-exchange pseudomorphous replacement of primary leucite, either during cooling of the lava or shortly afterwards. Titanomagnetite is a very common equant grain in groundmass of all the studied samples. The Fe-Ti oxide crystals are relatively Ti-rich and are classified as titan magnetite.

Titanomagnetites are one of the most important resources for recovery of vanadium. Qara-aghaj hard rock titanium ore locating 36 Km far from Euromieh north-west of Iran, is one of these resources. Based on presented flow sheet for production of limonite concentrate, a by-product as magnetite concentrate containing 0.84% V2O5 is produced. Mineralogical studies performed by XRD, XRF, and SEM and analyzing by EDX indicated that Fe3+ has been partially replaced by V3+ in magnetite lattices. Extraction of vanadium from magnetite concentrate consisting of salt roasting, leaching and precipitation was investigated. The effective parameters on roasting such as percentage of sodium carbonate, concentrate particle size, roasting temperature and roasting time were studied and the optimum amount of these parameters were determined as 16 wt%, d80= 75 mm 1100°C and 2 hours, respectively. The leaching parameters such as roasted magnetite particle size, temperature and time were also investigated and the optimum amount of them were obtained as d80= 105 mm 90°C and 1 hour, respectively.

In the southeast of Iran, titaniferous magnetite deposits associated with the gabbro rocks occur in Kahnuj ophiolitic complex. Mineraloghraphy studies have revealed the primary and secondary ore mineral consist of Titanomagnetite, ilmenite, hematite, goethite, martite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and silicate minerals (plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, olivine, alkali feldspar). Trellis-sandwich textures and ilmenite-Titanomagnetite intergrowths are resulted from oxidation of former Ti-rich magnetite at different temperatures. Chemical analyses show that the ilmenite and magnetite (Titanomagnetite) contains 46. 51 to 52. 68 and 4. 00 to 19. 71 wt. % TiO2 and 1. 00 to 2. 98 and 0. 00 to 1. 74 wt. % V2O3, respectively. The ulvö spinel (Mol % Usp) (Fe2TiO4) in Titanomagnetite shows a composition ranging from 4. 58 to 56. 87 wt. %, and ilmenite lamellae are varying thickness and ilmenite type 1 to 3 contain of 88. 23 to 93. 94, 93. 04 to 99. 80 and 99. 09 to 99. 73 wt. % of the ilmenite (Mol % Ilm), respectively. Compositions of intergrowth Tm-Ilm pairs (type 2) were plotted on T/fO2 diagrams. The Tm-Ilm pairs show varying degrees of re-equilibration to subsolidus temperatures (551 to 830° C) and fO2 (-21. 6 to-23. 97). The Tm-Ilm pairs from Dar Gaz cluster around the QFM buffer curve for 1. 5 kbar total pressure.

Zarigan Prospect Area is located at 50 km North of Bafgh, East of Yazd Province. This area is a part of central Iran intercontinental drift, formed during pre-Cambrian. Calc-alkaline magmatic process (500Ma) with felsic compositionhas brought about different types of metasomatism. Radioactive mineralized zone was associated with "Na-K-Fe-Si" rich hydrothermal fluid that intruded following the tectonic activities with E-W trend. Mineralization is related to albite, albite-epidote-Amphibole and silicified zones that emplaced in the margin of Diabasic Dykes trending E-W. The main host rock is felsic Tuff. The thickness of mineralization is between 0.3-2 meters, dipping 30-35°N. Main minerals in the active zone are: Ti-magnetite, Davidite, pitchblende, and other radioactive minerals, quartz and some sulfide minerals such as pyrite (3-5%), which are found mainly as disseminated, irregular veinlets and dispersed lenses. Uranium and thorium grade varies between 50-2500 ppm and 50-5000ppm, respectively. Subsurface geological studies show that the activity is discontinued in zones and radiationis related to shallow to intermediate depths (40>m). The contents of Ce, Ti and Zr (Trace Eis.) and Fe2O3 (major Oxide) are also high and notable in this system.