This paper analysis economical Undevelopment and some items that effect on this subject in Kohgiloye. Economical Undevelopment is result of development in mind of people rather than development in system of technology and management. On the school of development and other schools's point of view, cultural development is precondition of economical development. This paper wants to consider some most items of Undevelopment in this area. In this subject, fatalism, futurism and believing in a savior are presuposis that effect on level of economy of people of Kohgiloye. This consideration doing on people over 20th years old and with manner of survey with scientific questions. So, it evaluated three presupposes about the interrelation between those items and economical Undevelopment. Finally, the answers analysis by SPSS16 and get agrreable those presupposes on the model of Kandal and Spearman.

sahabi، s perception on the causes and factors of Undevelopment & national development on iran This article attempts to study and analyz the Ezatollah sahabi، s perception on the causes and factors and way out of Undevelopment of iran through political economic vision. This article is based on the idea that he is affected In the field of theoretical teachings of Friedrich List and from Practical aspect the experience of the Mossadegh government non-oil economy. In his opinion, In the world based on colonialism and looting for "Iran" no choice except to move in the direction National Development along with the development of "nation-state "national bourgeoisie" and reliance on domestic capital and strengthening Patriotism at the same monitoring Government institutions. therefore, the expansion and strengthening of democracy and public freedoms inseparable part National Development Project. Native and Independent development Consider Sahabi is Independent process from international capital and relies on efficient and developor government, national bourgeoisie and Civil Society Is based on the productive capacity of foundation and Industrial and Creative and productive work culture

This issue the present study deals with social obstacles of development in the province of ilam as well as native people’ s perception and interpretation of development. The methodology of this study relies on qualitative method and ethnography to collect the data. To analyze the data, grcunded theory was used. Data from observation and documents were collected by this researcher. Data were collected from observation and documented done by this researcher as well as interviews held within 56 paraticipants within the domain of the current study. Purposive– qualitative sampling was used and regarding the size of sample, theoretical logic of saturation was applied. The results show that the most important social obstacles of development in ilam are dominating tribal context, low level of social capital, diminishing of social relationships. And lock of merit system.

Awearness to Undevelopment in Iran has long record. An overview in Iran's histori, specially during recent 150 years in without fatigue efforts of the reformers such as Abbas Mirza, Amir Kabir, Ghaem Magham, Mosaddegh and the others for Iran progress and development have done efforted. This research trys to analysis some of published works by meta-analysis mentioned fields. So, the main question of this research was what sociologic factors have role in Iran's Undevelopment from point of sociological view? Theorytical frame work of this research, was in sociology of development and Undevelopment such as modernization theory, dependency theory and global system theory, was analysised. On this sequence, during analysis of these theories, the Undevelopment connection in special case in Iran, with these theories, were analysised. This work is done by documentary analysis of mentioned works. The works have been selected on base of the cretenia such as time, subject and other dimentions .Some of the most important results are: noticeable part of these works analysis the factors that can be named under general title of development internal obstacles. In belief of these authers, until Iranians, themselves have not been acception of external influence and colonization, this factor solely couldn’t be the obstacle for development in Iran. Between external factors that have been analysised, we can point to Imperialism, colonization, led to for brains drian and technology transfer. Political obstacle, specially historical despotism and Iranian acceptance of despotism, has been first one between different factors, that in these works, we are pointed. The works that refers to social problems and its role of these problem take into account in Iran Undevelopment, from two points: first: the role of social interruption and second, the role of social inequality.

The undeveloped Iran and its remedies form the basis of most development studies and researches in the country. Mean while, the contemporary social movements in Iran, especially the Islamic Revolution have occurred for the sake of development. In the aftermath of Iranians' intellectual growth towards the end of 19th century and as a result of the introduction of modernism in the country, various development policies and programs have been recommended and executed.Also, different approaches (cultural, political, economic, political economy, etc) and tactics have been presented. This article, next to the explanation of those approaches, gives a fresh outlook about the Iranian Undevelopment and its main cause. The author believes that all the modem Iranian development policies and measures taken in this regard have failed due to cultural, political, and economic reasons intended by the above approaches. A main cause for this failure could be the western models that dominated both the ex-Shah's regime and are still persisting in the Islamic Republic.The prevailing discourse of western development worldwide has been in accordance with the Iranian policies and has been practiced uncritically without any consideration of historical, social and cultural conditions of this country.

Unfortunately, the development policies in our country over the years, were lacked thinking points of view based on rural development conditions. In fact, lack of a mental foundation and practical approach causes lots of difficulties in advancement of many rural development plans in the country, which make a detachment between urban and rural points and confront the ruralists with problems and issues. As examples, we may point the following: irregular increase in rural population, absence of national attention to spatial structure of rural areas, rural productivity, rural activities to be uneconomical, geographical isolation, weakness of communication network, inattention to manufacturing strength and capabilities of rural areas and powerful manpower and nonintervention and failure in participation of people in planning policies. In this dissertation, in addition to causes that make rural Undevelopment we observe a basic question, finding the response can help our that it is:Is there any relationship between social factors and rural Undevelopment?For finding the response  of this question and test of this question as a hypothesis, the require data is based on documentary and metrical methods emphasizing on analytical or copulative measurement, as the most conventional method of square researches. also method of direct verbal interview and drawing up questionnaire is used in collection of data. In measurement and analysis of variants, the method of descriptive statistics is used in confirmation of theories in addition to using parametric and nonparametric statistical tests and other statistical methods installed on SPSS software. Studies and integration calculated in this research show that there is a direct liaison between rural Undevelopment and social factors.

Kurd community has been established on the basis of land as a symbol for territory, and blood as a symbol for fatherly tribe. There fore, the style of tribal and rural-tribal   life has been dominated.No doubt dominance of this life style has led to failure of city development and city-dwelling in community.This article is trying to study the concept of city commonly and also to discover the concept of city and city-dwelling in Kurdish regions, specially so that it can reveal the bases and reasons of Undevelopment of the city and city-dwelling weakness of Kurd traders in order to obtain power and non-supporting of Constitution Revolution by them and last incompletion of capitalist growth in Kurd regions.

Undevelopment and its reasons are one of the most important problems in under-developed countries like Iran Important similar issues like global economy and historic acceleration and other futurelogy thoughts of development playa magor role here. In regional economic issues in Iran, Lorestan province has specific economic, political, and cultur importance. In fact trend to widespread development and improvement in future, requires recognition of sitnation of defferent region. Using criteria and quantitive methods for levelling residential place in spatial system of regions not only leads to recognition of unequilibrium rate of residential places but it is also a criteria for attempting to decreas and removing available unequilibrium amang them. Thus Achieved results indicate that in country level Lorestan province placed on twenty seventh position for developing ranking and in deprived class from development position point of view.

Today, many planners and develop policy makers notice, tourism as a main element of sustainable development. They try by recognition of areas tourism development capability and dissolve its problems to have more earnings in this section. In this context, the coastal towns of Mazandaran is the most important tourist destination that with a logical and appropriate planning and recognition of its tourism potencies and limitations has a significant Role in these areas development, and lets to national development and diversify of national economy. For this purpose the paper first with a survey questionnaire of Fereidoonkenar ten specialists and experts in urban affairs and listing affective internal and external factors in tourism development or Undevelopment by (SWOT), model. Fereidoon' kenar strategic assessment of tourism development capability was discussed. After this with weighting and prioritization of mentioned factors, optimal strategies were presented. Analysis on research shows that for emphasizing on decrease of the study areas vulnerability, the defensive strategies (WT) should be the priority in this areas tourism development programs.

Political elites in the authoritarian and semi-authoritarian countries that have power tools often fully and continuously can play a main role in the course of political development and Undevelopment in these groups of countries. In this regard, the study of the quality of playing of this role in contemporary history of Iran, especially after Mordad, 28, 1332 (August, 18, 1953) coup that was associated with an increase of power of the monarchy (Shah) until Islamic revolution is very important in order to help us recognize some effective factors in the process of progress or little progress in political development in Iran. The question of this article is that what role political elites play in political development of Iran in the years between 1332 and 1357 (1953 and 1979). The answer to this question in this article is that the political elites of Iran in the mentioned era played a preventive role in the course of political development through some actions such as creating pyramidal and hierarchical power, abusing power and corruption, preventing holding free elections and doing electoral fraud, suppressing press freedom and independence and also suppressing of political independent parties and groups.