The system underwent a thermodynamic analysis in this research, focusing on the generation of energy, cooling, heating, hydrogen, and freshwater across multiple generations. The primary energy source for this cycle is a solar parabolic trough collector (PTC). In this solar collector, Al2O3 Therminol VP1 nanofluid is used as the working fluid. The multigeneration system includes the following subsystems: A steam Rankine cycle and an organic Rankine cycle for power production, a double-effect absorption refrigeration system for cooling, a domestic water heater for hot water generation, a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer for hydrogen production, and a reverse osmosis (RO) desalination unit for freshwater production. The ORC cycle will incorporate a thermoelectric generator (TEG) unit instead of a condenser to produce additional power. The system's efficiency is analyzed concerning various factors and nanoparticle concentrations. The findings indicate that the energetic efficiency of the system is 33.81%, while the exergetic efficiency is 23.59%. Additionally, the production rates of hydrogen and freshwater increase with higher nanoparticle volume concentrations and solar irradiation. It was also observed that the coefficient of performance (COP) of the cooling system improves with increasing desorber temperature.

Double stranded cDNA coding for the immunogenic capsid protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus type O1/Iran from the virion RNA was prepared .Two primer pairs for VP1 gene of virus were designed by comparison of published sequences and statistically analyzed using oligo and DNasis software. A PCR program was developed and optimized to amplify a segment of about 645 bp. Noninfected cells were used as negative control. The synthesized cDNA was then cloned into the NdeI and EcoR1 restriction enzymes site of pEt-23a+ plasmid using already attach linkers. The plasmid has been successfully propagated in and isolated from Echerishia coli bacterial culture and cloning of VP1 gene was confirmed by Dot Blot hybridization.

Reactivation of Polyomavirus BK (BKPyV) is related to reduction of T cells response in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). Here, we examined the differentiation of CD4+ T cells subsets in response to BKPyV KTRs, using the BKPyV VP1 (viral capsid protein 1) as a stimulator. We categorized our samples into three distinct groups: 1. Reactive BKPyV (BKPyV+), 2. non-reactive (BKPyV-) KTRs and 3. Healthy controls. BKPyV- KTRs and healthy controls stimulated with VP1 and BKPyV+ unstimulated with VP1. The human CD4+ T cells was stimulation with VP1-Ag. The proportion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and their various subsets, including naive T cells, central memory T cells (TCM), and effector memory T cells (TEM) was measured using flowcytometry. BKPyV- KTRs VP1+ indicated significantly lower TCM CD4+ T cells in contrast with both BKPyV+ KTRs VP1-, and healthy controls VP1+. This indicates that VP1 stimulation may reduce TCM cell levels in these patients. The percentage of TEM in the BKPyV- KTRs VP1+ group was significantly less prevalent than the BKPyV+ KTRs VP1- group. The percentage of TEM cells in BKPyV+ KTRs VP1- was significantly lower than the healthy controls VP1+. Stimulation with VP1 protein significantly increased the frequency of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in BKPyV- KTRs VP1+ compared to BKPyV+ KTRs VP1-. The present research has shown that the VP1 stimulation of CD4+ T cells can induce cytotoxic CD4+ T cells responses that may help overcome BKPyV infection in KTRs. However, VP1 stimulation may also differentially affect TCM and TEM CD4+ T cells subsets.

Purpose: BK virus (BKV) has a worldwide seroprevalence in humans. Based on sequences of the major capsid proteins, i. e. viral protein 1 (VP1), there are four BKV genotypes. Each genotype has its own subtypes, and was shown to be circulating independently in the human population. The aim of this study was to determine BKV genotypes and subtypes among Iranian patients with prostatic cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods: BKV DNA was extracted from prostatic cancers and benign prostatic hyperplasia blocks and also urine of kidney transplantation patients. BKV (VP1) gene was amplified partially (327nt) by homemade polymerase chain reactions and subjected for sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Bioedit version 7. 0 and Mega version 5. 0 were used for sequence analysis and for comparing the results with world-driven BKV sequences. Results: All of BKV VP1 genes which were derived from Iranian patients were classified with subtype 1b2 strains from Germany and Turkey. Predicted amino acid sequences from the studied region of VP1 showed that all of these nucleotide diversities could change amino acid sequence numbers 60, 68, 72, 73 and 82 among VP1. Conclusion: The interesting point was that genetic analysis of derived sequences showed a different feature of genetic diversity among Iranian sequences. This feature has not been reported yet. This characteristic feature of Iranian BKV VP1 gene provides a unique cluster of sequences in phylogenetic tree.

VP1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) contains the immunogenic hypervariable region of the virus. The antigenic variation in FMDV is particularly related to the difference between nucleotide and amino acid sequences of capsid protein. On the basis of this phenomenon, type diagnosis of FMDV can be done by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In order to specifically identify the O1 FMDV serotype of Iran the complete coding sequence of its VP1 protein was amplified by RT-PCR, and nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the PCR product were determined. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 84% and 88% homology with the VP1 region of serotype O1k, respectively.