In order to study bioZONEs of the Pabdeh Formation in the Northeast Kazerun, Murdak section was selected. In this section, Pabdeh Formation is mainly consists of marl, shale and marly limestone. The study of calcareous nannofossils led to the recognition of 70 species and 28 genera. According to the first and last occurrence of index species and assemblages fossil, the following bioZONEs based on global standard zonations are identified: Discoaster multiradiatus ZONE (NP9/ CNP11), Tribrachiatus contortus ZONE (NP10/ CNE1-CNE2), Discoaster binodosus ZONE (NP11/ CNE3), Tribrachiatus orthostylus ZONE (NP12/ CNE4), Discoaster lodoensis ZONE (NP13/ CNE5), Discoaster sunlodoensis ZONE (NP14/ CNE6-CNE8), Nannotetrina fulgens ZONE (NP15/ CNE9-CNE11), Discoaster tanii nodifer ZONE (NP16/ CNE12-CNE15), Discoaster saipanensis ZONE (NP17/ CNE15-CNE16), Chiasmolithus oamaruensis ZONE (NP18/ CNE17-CNE18), Isthmolithus recurvus ZONE (NP19/ CNE18-CNE19), Sphenolithus pseudoradians ZONE (NP20/ CNE20), Ericsonia Subdisticha ZONE (NP21/ CNE21-CNO1), Helicosphaera reticulate ZONE (NP22/ CNO2), Sphenolithus predistintus ZONE (NP23/ CNO3-CNO4). As a result of this study and based on the obtained bioZONEs, the age of Pabdeh Formation in Murdak section, is Late Paleocene (Thanetian) to Oligocene (Rupelian-Chatian).

Background and Objective: Degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system occurs during aging. Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) can be preventing the degeneration of neurons. In addition to neuronal replacement, with the production of neurotrophic factors, increased survival and proliferation of endogenous cells. This study was done to compare the cell proliferation, neurotrophic factors expression and features of NSCs harvested from different areas of the central nervous system in vitro.Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study NSCs have been harvested from subgranular ZONE (SGZ), subventricular ZONE (SVZ) and central canal of spinal cord from adult Wistar rats with mechanical, enzymatical digestion and subsequently was cultured in α-MEM medium supplemented with serum as monolayer or adherent conditions and passaged for 13 times. Immunocytochemistry was used to determine expression of the nestin and GFAP markers. Semi-quantitative RT–PCR was used to confirm genes expression (NGF, CNTF, NT3, NT4.5, GDNF and BDNF).Results: Morphological features of stem cells extracted from different regions of the central nervous system were similar in the culture. Doubling time NSCs in the SVZ (37.45 hr) is shorter than in the SGZ (44.04 hr) and central canal of spinal cord (57.22 hr). The culture conditions as well as monolayer neural stem cells are capable of producing neurospheres. Also, nestin and GFAP markers, expressed by NSCs. Neurotrophic gene expression pattern profiles were similar to each other in stem cells extracted from the SGZ, SVZ and central canal of spinal cord.Conclusion: Neurotrophic gene expression in stem cells extracted from different regions of the central nervous system were similar, but proliferation capacity was higher in NSCs, which have been harvested from the SVZ.

Background: Despite the tremendous investigation in the areas of flexor tendon anatomy, biomechanics, nutrition, healing and adhesion formation return of satisfactory digital performance following for the hand surgeons. Methods and Materials: This is a descriptive cross sectional study which investigates the results of primary repair of acute trauma (less than 10 days) to flexor tendons of ZONE II. After initial exam, the operation was done by an experienced hand surgeon. The operation was done mostly in first 24 hours (primary repair) and in some cases in 10 days (delayed primary repair). All FDP lacerations were repaired with 4/0 nylon modified Kessler core suture and 6/0 nylon circumferential running suture. Post operation mobilization was done by using a dorsal splint in 40 degree wrist flexion and 60 degree metacarpophalengeal flexion and interphalengeal extent ion from finger tips to elbow. Early motion was begun one or two days after operation with modified Kleinert regimen. in children who could not cooperate in motion , long cast was used all patens completed follow up every two weeks for 6 weeks and every three weeks for another 6 weeks . The results were evaluated to buck –gramcko classification system at least 3 months after treatment. The results analyze was done using SPSS software and Kruskal –Wallis and man Whitney tests. Results: The study was done on 37 patients with injured flexor tendons, %67 male and %33 female with average age of 26. The results were excellent in 22 (%37.3) and good in 21 (%35.6 and fair in %20.3 and bad in 4 (%6.8). The most common complications were mild to moderate adhesion (%45) and cold intolerance (%36). Results of tendons repair were better in females than those in males (p value =%0.399). The best result was repair of isolated FDS. Results of repairing both FDP and FDS were the same as repairing FDP and resecting FDS (P value =%0.0006) final results were better in non dominant had (p value =%0.0025). Conclusions: The repair of flexor tendons of ZONE II has various side effects and demands more and more primary repair measures on the part of an experienced surgeon.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab for the treatment of type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in ZONE I. Methods: Preterm infants with type 1 ROP in ZONE I (ZONE I ROP, any stage with plus disease or ZONE I ROP, stage 3 without plus disease) were enrolled in this prospective study. Intravitreal bevacizumab (0. 625 mg/0. 025 ml) was injected under topical anesthesia. The patients were followed-up weekly for 4 weeks and, then, biweekly till 90 weeks gestational age. Results: Seventy eyes of 35 patients with type 1 ROP in ZONE I were enrolled. At a gestational age of 90 weeks, ROP regressed with complete or near􀀀 complete peripheral retinal vascularization, in 82. 9% of eyes after a single injection and in 92. 9% of eyes after up to two injections. In 5 eyes (7. 1%), ROP progressed to stage 4B or 5, so that surgical management was required. There were no major complications such as endophthalmitis, cataract, or vitreous hemorrhage after injection. Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injection is an effective method for the management of patients with ZONE I ROP requiring treatment; however, some cases may progress to more advanced stages and require surgical management. Close monitoring for recurrence or progression is necessary. Eyes with persistent ZONE I ROP may progress to advanced stages when treated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection and re􀀀 treatment may be needed.

The main purpose of residential street design should be based on stable viability. Nowadays the design of residential streets is in a shape that the cars run faster due to a larger width of streets and it makes pedestrians and cyclists scuttle. It leads to the lack of opportunity for the citizens to create healthier and stronger society. Here one of these solutions is creating home ZONEs in the residential quarters. This paper tries to answer this question: if Khaneghah of Sanandaj has suitable feature to create a safe home ZONE, and what strategies are there to turn this quarter into a  home  ZONE? According to this multi-dimensional issue an evaluation model, which is multi-criteria with a qualitative-quantitative nature, is chosen as an effective model to evaluate and give priority to the criteria of Khaneghah of Sanandaj and criteria study (Dealing with framework, dealing with space social-cultural and environmental). In the frame of hierarchical shrub turned into eleven sub-criteria and they are evaluated two by two and by Expert choice software. The results of T test, a single sample of the study of criteria rate,(extracted results from 95 questionnaires) is evaluated by SPSS where the investigation results are the indicators of the higher rate from the average of criteria rate and the existence of essential potential in the relevant range to create home ZONE in a way that criteria dealing with space and frame with %0.45 coefficient and under the legibility criteria, herbal vitality has had the most effective impact on creating home ZONE in Khaneghah of Sanandaj.