Background: We have investigated the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training (AT) and Ferulagummosis supplement (FG) on apelin and apelin receptor (APJ), nitric oxide (NO) andangiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) of hypertensive rats.Materials and Methods: In a experimental study, 50 adult male wistar rats were classifiedinto five groups; 1- AT, 2- FG, 3- combination of aerobic training+Ferula Gummosasupplement (TFG), 4- nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester (L-NAME), 5- shame (control) groups(SH). The rats in the 1 to 4 groups received L-NAME (10 mg/kg, 6 times a week for 8weeks). Also, the 1 and 3 groups experienced the training of 15 to 22 m/min for 25 to 64minutes, 5 times a week for 8 weeks, whereas, the 2 and 3 groups received Ferulagummosis supplement (90 mg/kg, 6 times a week for 8 weeks). However, rats in 5 groupsreceived NaCl solution.Results: At protocols resulted in a significant increase in apelin and APJ as compared tocontrol and L-NAME groups. The TFG protocols resulted in a markedly increase inapelin, APJ and significantly decrease of ACE levels as compared to L-NAME group.Chronically administration of L-NAME resulted increased, ACE, and reduced the levels ofapelin, APJ and NO, as compared to control group.Conclusion: The results in this study show that physical regular activity with and withoutherbal treatment induce amplification in apelin/APJ system and down-regulation bloodpressure in L-NAME induced hypertension in the rat kidney tissue.

Background: apelin is a mitogenic peptide; it has functions in vessel formation and cell proliferation. In this study we aimed to evaluate the serum and tissue levels and local expression pattern of apelin in eutopic and ectopic endometrium from patients with and without endometriosis and to compare the proliferative and secretory phase differences.Methods: Thirty women with endometriosis and 15 women without endometriosis undergoing surgery for benign indications as control group were included in the study. Serum and tissue concentrations and proliferative and secretory phase expression patterns of apelin were evaluated in the ectopic and eutopic endometrium using immunoassay and immunohistochemistry methods. The results were compared with Mann-Whitney U test. The p-values smaller than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: apelin expression was detected in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis and endometrium of control group. Intense immunoreactivity of apelin was observed in glandular cells of eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues of women with endometriosis and endometrium of control group during secretory phase (p<0.01). In both groups, tissue concentrations of apelin were higher than of the serum (p=0.03) but, there were no significant differences between the two groups for tissue and serum concentrations of apelin.Conclusion: apelin expression showed cyclic changes in eutopic and ectopic endometrium. Its expression may be related to menstrual changes of angiogenesis in endometrium of women.