Root-knot nematodes are one of the limiting factors in seedling production and new olive gardens establishment in Iran. In view of find resistance cultivars to root-knot nematodes, importance of careful identification of species and races are clarified. In order to investigate root-knot nematodes on olive, soil and root samples of gardens and nursery in Gorgan area were collected. In this study, Meloidogyne incognita was identified based on females and second stage juvenils morphometrical and morphological characters. Stylet length, body length of female nematode, tail and hyaline length of second stage juveniles were shown some differences with original description. In original description, body length of females was 500 to 723 micrometer (609 micrometer average), whereas in under consideration species body length was (512-751) 622 micrometer. In original description tail length of second stage juveniles was (45-52.2) 48.7 micrometer and hyaline was (6.3-13.5) 8.9 micrometer while in investigated species tail length and hyaline were (43.9-55.4) 52.1 and (10.6-14.2) 12.9 micrometer, respectively. In response to differential hosts, the nematode showed a good multiply on tobacco, tomato, pepper and watermelon plants and able to produce knot whereas response cotton and peanut plants were negative. On the basis of morphological and morphometrical characteristics of matured female, perineal pattern, second stage juveniles, and response to differential hosts of M. incognita race 2 was detected.

Numerous studies have corroborated the importance of metadiscourse in academic writing. As one of the main components of metadiscourse, stance has received fairly extensive attention recently. One of the questions in this regard (with conflicting results) has been the relationship between author gender and the use of stance markers. Moreover, the relationship between author count and stance markers in research articles has been extremely under-researched. Therefore, this study set out to investigate the relationship of author gender and author count with stance markers in the applied linguistics research articles. To this end, a corpus of 416 articles (with a total word count of over 2.6 million words) was used for the author count question. Of this large corpus, 199 articles were used for the gender-stance investigation. The normalized frequencies of stance markers were extracted using LancsBox corpus analysis software. Then, the obtained data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test to shed light on the relationship of author gender and author count with authorial stance. Mixed results were obtained for the relationship of author count and authorial stance components (including hedges, boosters, self-mention markers, and attitude markers), while no significant result was obtained for the relationship between gender and stance.

Faramarz - nameh is a collection of verses in praise of the chivalry of faramarz, the son of Rustam in India, put to verses in 7600 couplets and printed in Bombay in 1324 A.H/A.D.1906. Dr. Jalal Khaleqi Mutlaq in the second part to his "Epic Studies" has undertaken to analyze the contents of this collection and in addition, with reference to verse directly quoted from the Faramarz - nameh has attempted to determine the author and the period in which it was put to verse. The present study is a continuation of Dr.Khaleqi" s discussions. This researcher has attempted to prove that the author of the Faramarz - nameh, Rafi al-Din Marzban - i Farsi was one of the poets of the 12(TH) century who belonged to the Fars province. The Faramarz- nameh was approximately put in to verse in the westem province of Iran approxmately around the year 555 A.H./A.D.1160.

Digital libraries may keep millions of citation records and bibliographic attributes such as title, authors' names, and the place of publication. Since the materials and contents in digital libraries are taken from diverse and distinct sources, there are some challenges regarding the use of digital libraries. One of the most important challenges is the ambiguity of authors' names. Although many methods have been proposed for solving the problem of ambiguous authors' names, their accuracy still must be enhanced. In this paper, an accurate method for author name disambiguation is proposed. It combines heuristic hierarchical clustering method and social networks to produce clusters with high accuracy. To evaluate the proposed method, an experiment is conducted using real dataset DBLP. The experimental results show that the accuracy can be enhanced using the proposed method.

We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Bernardo and Dr. Rosa for their interest in our study and their letter on our work. [1] Bernardo and Rosa noted the significance of central corneal thickness (CCT) in virgin eyes and after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), as evaluated by Pentacam HR (Scheimpflug imaging) and Orbscan II (scanning slit topography). They concluded that the difference between Pentacam and Orbscan in measuring corneal thickness is related to differences in the devices, rather than corneal changes induced by hyperopic PRK...

We would like to elaborate our response to the valued views of the authors of this letter as follows. In our study, [1] we looked only at the mutations in SOD1 and VSX. We agree with Dr. Beuy Joob and Dr. Viroj Wiwanitkit that the negative results might be because of the small sample size, and therefore, epigenetic mechanisms or other loci should be investigated using NGS for these cases. Finally, we assure readers about the quality control of the laboratory tests as our laboratory is one of the main centers in Iran that performs high quality genetic tests for diagnostic purposes...

Among books and treaties ascribed to Khayyam, there is a treatise in the name of Noruznameh which has been ascribed to Khayyam since the antiquity. Mojtaba Minovi in 1312 published it in the name of Khayyam and in its introduction, he has recognized no one as worthy of the title author but Khayyam. Shortly afterwards certain individuals such as Minoverski, the renowned orientalist due to certain reasons opposed to the idea, till Mohsen Farzaneh in the article he wrote in Ayandeh magazine claimed that the author of Noruznameh is not Khayyam but is a person in the name of Kaykhosrow shirazi. While studying Jamali’s Farrokhnameh, written by Abubakr Motahar Jamali yazdi in the year 580 Hj, Farzaneh realized certain similarities in phrases of the book with that of Noruznameh which the writer quoted on the behalf of Kaykhosrow Shirazi. Based on a few similarities between the two, Farzaneh believes that the writer of Noruznameh is Kaykhosrow Shirazi but he also writes that apart from Farokhnameh he has not come across this name and that he does not know who he really is. In this article Farzaneh’s assumption has been verified and strengthened based on other lines of evidence. Kaykhosrow’s real identity was also revealed.

Lavayeh is one of the most famous Persian mystical texts. The treatise has been written following the example of Sheikh Ahmad Ghazzali’s Savaneh. Devotion of ‘Eyn al-Qozat of Hamadan to the author of Savaneh and relation of them with each other, and some other factors, caused that Lavayeh be known by the name of ‘Eyn al-Qozat’s, and even once has been published by his name in Iran. This untrue attribution has been spread to many books and literary researches. On the other hand, in some writings including catalogues, history of literature works, and literary-mystical researches, in addition to ‘Eyn al-Qozat, others have been named as Lavayeh author.In this article, on the basis of endopharic and anafra evidences, attribution of Lavayeh to ‘Eyn al-Qozat has been rejected and accordingly Hamid al-Din Naguri, an Indian Sufi master of seventh century is being introduced as the author of the treatise.

Idris Badlisi (856_ 926 A.H.) was a famous scribe, historian, and scientist of the ninth and early tenth Hegira centuries, contemporary with Sultan Ya'qoob Aq Quyunloo, Iranian Shah Esma'il Safavi, Sultan Bayazid II, the early government of Sultan Saleem I in the Ottoman Empire. His most important and renowned work is H, a book about the Ottoman history.Following the style and literature of works, such as Tarikh-e-Jahangosha by Atamalek joveini, Tarikh-e-Vassaf by Vassaf al-Hazara, Tarikh-e-Mo'eeni by Mo'een al-Din Yazdi, and Tarikh-e-Zafarnameh Teimoori by Mowlana Sharaf al-Din Ali Yazdi, Hasht Behesht has a technical and artificial prose. This work includes biographies of the first eight Ottoman kings, beginning with Othman Beig Ghazi and ending with Sultan Bayazid II and Yavooz Sultan saleem. The present article tries to introduce this work, its author, and a few manuscripts.