In this paper the analysis and design of an operational amplifier is presented. This amplifier can follow the input signal from ground to supply voltage at its input and output. Based on the level of the input common mode voltage, one of two pMOS and nMOS differential pairs are selected to amplify the input signal. This causes the amplifier performance is independent of the drain current relationship of the input differential pairs transistors. Both static and dynamic currents of the class AB output stage are provided by two translinear loops with minimum sensitivity to process, temperature and supply voltage variations. The simulation results, in a 0.18  CMOS technology, show that the amplifier in nominal condition, has about 80 dB dc voltage gain, 51 MHz unity gain bandwidth and 63  phase margin while its static power consumption is almost 1 mW. For input common mode voltage changes between ground to the supply voltage, the maximum relative variations of the input differential pairs transconductances, amplifier’s dc voltage gain, phase margin and unity gain bandwidth are , ,  and , respectively. This amplifier as a buffer can drive a load consisting of parallel connection of a resistor  and a capacitor 20 pF.

In this paper a new approach for design of class-AB current-mode square-root domain filters based on the electronically simulated translinear loop principle is presented. FG-MOS transistors that operate in strong inverted saturation region are employed for implementation of translinear loop circuit. The filter achieves immunity to body effect, low circuit complexity, large input dynamic range, and also works in low voltage compared to those reported before. With supply voltage 1.2V a dynamic range of 46dB at 1% THD is achieved. Simulation results by HSPICE confirm the validity of the proposed design technique and show high performance of the filter.

Background: Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's Thyroiditis) is the common cause of primary hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient countries. Iran is named an iodine sufficient country, in this century. Methods: A total of 88 hypothyroid patients, on suppressing dose of levothyroxine who were followed in a university endocrine disorder clinic were evaluated for serum thyroid autoimmunity markers: thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO Ab), thyroglobulin antibody (Tg Ab) and thyroid microsomal antibody (TM Ab) using ELISA method. Results: The prevalence of TPO Ab, Tg Ab and TM Ab were 73.9%, 45.5% and 71.6%, respectively. Among the patients with high level of TPO Ab (> 75 u/ml), 45.3% had grade 1 or 2 of goiter (p< 0.05). Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid disease (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) is the most common cause of  hypothyroidism in Bushehr province.

Naghshe Bar Ab zadan has proved as one of the puzzling interpretations in Hafizs poetry. Considering the history of this interpretation and the fresh sense attached to it by Hafizs magic skill, it is worth reading and exploring, specially due to the fact that the existing published literature has overlooked some aspects of this concept. The author intends to reconsider it in order to facilitate the perception of some aesthetic aspects of Hafizs poetry. To this end, quite inevitably, the present researcher presents some evidence in order to emphasize his approach and intention and to clarify some prevailing misinterpretations.

Till present, a considerable amount of research has been undertaken regarding Afrasiab’s character, the renowned Tourani commander whose evil character is among the most striking in the epic works of this land.This research is an attempt to find the mythological origin of this character by investigating ancient religious works, Middle Persian and Islamic texts according to their historical order of appearance.Moreover, in order to prove Benevenis’s claim that Afrasiab is most probably the consequence of Diva Famina (Epeousha), numerous evidence from the above texts are presented. In the course of this research attempt is also made to examine the origin of the myth of Arash, a character who is also associated with water and rain, to signify his role in persuading Afrasiab to withdraw.

Summary Velocity analysis is one of the most time-consuming and important stages of seismic processing. Semblance, as the most commonly utilized coherency measure for velocity analysis, is defined as a normalized ratio of output-andinput energy. In the presence of amplitude variation with offset (AVO), however, this measure is not effective enough. In order to compensate for this shortcoming, an alternative AB semblance is used. Both semblance and its AB variant need summation of the amplitudes along hyperbolic trajectories for a range of velocity values; which is computationally expensive and limits processing large data sets. In this paper, we use fast hyperbolic Radon transform for fast computation of seismic velocity analysis based on the traditional semblance and its AB variant. We test this method on both synthetic and field data sets with different sizes to show the improvements in term of calculation speed in the proposed method. Introduction Building velocity model is one of the most significant topics in seismic data processing and interpretation. In seismic data processing, executing the stages of normal moveout (NMO) correction, proper stacking, depth and time migration, and so on require an appropriate velocity model. There are several methods for building a velocity model from seismic data. Most of these methods are based on criteria which describe the consistency between the velocity model and the seismic data, but they differ in the way these criteria are defined, calculated and utilized for estimating the velocity model. The most conventional method for velocity analysis is based on moveout of reflection events, which uses the coherency measure for building a velocity model. Semblance is the commonly used coherency measure. Although it is effective in most practical situations, this measure faces problems in the presence of strong variations of amplitude along seismic events or polarity reversals. An algorithm, called AB semblance, has been introduced for solving this problem. This method, like other methods of semblance, also requires amplitudes of events to be summed along hyperbolic trajectories in the time gates, which can be very time-consuming for processing large data sets. In this paper, fast hyperbolic Radon transform in log-polar coordinates is employed to speed-up the calculations of semblance-based velocity analysis. Methodology and Approaches Recently, an algorithm with complexity O(N2 logN), where N denotes the number of data samples, has been introduced for evaluation of the hyperbolic Radon transform. It is based on rewriting the Radon operator in log-polar coordinates, with which the main computational parts reduce to computing convolutions. This allows to use the Fourier domain for fast calculation of it. In order to apply fast Fourier transforms (FFTs), samples in log-polar coordinates must be chosen on an equally spaced grid. Since data is sampled in the time-offset domain, a resampling is required for switching between coordinates. In this paper, we use this algorithm in the computation of AB semblance, for summing along hyperbolic trajectories in each time gate. In this method, the time gate width will be one sample. The final result thus requires convolution with an appropriate Gaussian window. Results and Conclusions Velocity analysis based on direct computations could be time-consuming in the presence of a large data set. In this paper, a fast algorithm with complexity O(N2 logN) is used for velocity analysis based on AB semblance. Field and synthetic data examples have been used in order to examine the proposed method. The results from the tests show large speed-ups of the method compared to other similar velocity analysis methods.