Methamphetamine use and dependency is a serious public health problem with implications across multiple areas from societal impact to burden on psychiatric and medical resources. Different areas such as East and Southeast Asia, Australia, Middle West and Western areas of United States and some regions of Great Britain are suffering from Methamphetamine use and related problems. An estimated 8% of admissions to substance abuse treatment programs are associated to stimulants with Methamphetamine misuse. The comparison of demographic characteristics and variety of substances in Methadone maintenance clinic of Baharan Psychiatry Hospital in Zahrdan, Iran in 2009-2011, has reported an increasing proceeding of methamphetamine use from 6% to about 20%. The Administrator of Health and Social anti-drug campaign declared that the substance related psychotic symptoms are noticeable among Methamphetamine users, it has also been reported that 50% of patients of psychiatric wards consist of Methamphetamine users psychosis patients, which would bring a number of harmful demerits to this the wards.

I read with great interest the article entitled “, Comparative investigation of sleep problems in opioid-dependent and normal subjects”,by Madanifard et al. . . .

Comorbidity in psychiatry is a common topic that can be seen in many cases, especialy in substance abuse patients. It is estimated that about 58% of these patients has personality disorders and about 65% of them have a life long prevalence of axis 1 psychiatric disorders. A total comorbidity rate of psychiatric disorders in opioids dependents is about 85%. Depression is most common disorder in axis 1 that is comorbid with addiction. Comorbidity cause poorer prognosis in treatment of these patients and have special skills and comments for their treatment, and if ignore this principles it is expected that we loose the patients. In this paper we try to review this principles and topics of treatment for this comorbidity.

dependency parser is one of the most important fundamental tools in the natural language processing, which extracts the structure of sentences and determines the relations between words based on the grammar dependency. The dependency parser is proper for free-order languages such as Persian. In this work, data-driven dependency parser is developed with the help of phrase-structure parser for Persian. The defined feature space in each parser is one of the important factors involved in its success. Our goal is to generate and extract appropriate features to dependency parsing of Persian sentences. In order to achieve this goal, new semantic and syntactic features are defined and added to the MSTParser by the stacking method. Semantic features are obtained using word clustering algorithms based on syntagmatic analysis, and the syntactic features are obtained using the Persian phrase-structure parser, and are used as bit-string. Experiments are conducted on the Persian dependency Treebank (PerDT) and the Uppsala Persian dependency Treebank (UPDT). The results obtained indicate that the definition of new features improves the performance of the dependency parser for Persian. The achieved unlabeled attachment scores for PerDT and UPDT are 89. 17% and 88. 96%, respectively.

Background: Stroke is the third cause of mortality and not only leads to dependency, which is a great social, individual and cultural problem, but also can affect the physiology, immune system and coagulation system such as plasma fibrinogen, and it may potentially increase the risk of stroke. This study investigated the relationship of opium dependency and stroke.Methods: This case- control study was carried out in 2003-2004 in Shefa Hospital in Kerman, Iran. The case group included 105 stroke patients and control group included the same number of patients from urology ward. There were 55 females and 50 males in each group. Patients' data were collected through their medical history, physical examinations, and diagnosis procedures recorded in specific questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi square test.Findings: 31 patients (29.5%) in the case and 11 (10.5%) in the control group were opium dependent and the difference was significant (P=0.001). The relationship of cigarette smoking and stroke was also significant (P=0.0001). To find the independent effect of each of these two factors, a logistic regression analysis was done, which showed that the independent relationship of each of these two was significant (Odds ratio=2.207, P=0.012 and Odds ratio=2.36, P=0.040 for cigarette and opium dependency respectively).Conclusion: Opium dependency can be regarded as an independent risk factor for stroke. As this corresponds to previous findings as to opium dependency can increase plasma fibrinogen and development of atherosclerosis, it is important for prophylactic manages.

Production order contracts are widely used in private and social cases. Many companies, institutions and organizations order goods which are either unavailable or need to be produced with certain specifications. Therefore, due to financial investment and budgeting, the producer does not agree to produce unless an order contract has been made beforehand.Referring to available jurisprudential sources, the author examines whether the production order contracts are independently introduced contracts or they can be classified under some other kinds of contracts.He comes to this conclusion that production order contracts can be introduced as independent contracts or trading.

Data-driven systems can be adapted to different languages and domains easily. Using this trend in dependency parsing was lead to introduce data-driven approaches. Existence of appreciate corpora that contain sentences and theirs associated dependency trees are the only pre-requirement in data-driven approaches. Despite obtaining high accurate results for dependency parsing task in English language, for many of other languages with high free-word order and rich morphology, most applying algorithms lead to drop in accuracy compared to English language. Therefore, data-driven systems require careful selection of features and tuning of parameters to reach optimal performance.A dependency corpus for Persian language introduced recently. Persian language has high free-word order and rich morphology. In this paper we try to find detect effective factors for decreasing parsing accuracy and we present solutions to improve the accuracy.

Introduction: Stroke is the 3rd cause of death and although it is a common disease, its incidence is not the same in different parts of the world and depends on various factors. Opium dependency apart from being a social and cultural problem has several effects on physiological, immune and coagulation systems and consequently the risk of stroke. This case-control study was designed to determine the associations between opium dependency and stroke.Method: The study was done in Kerman Shafa Hospital during 2003-2004 on 105 patients with stroke (case group) and 105 patients with urologic problems (control group). Data were collected using patients history, physical examinations and diagnostic protocols and were analyzed using Chi-Square test. Both groups contained 55 females and 50 males.Results: In the case group 31 ones (29.5%) and in the control group 18 ones (10.5%) were opium dependent that shows a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001). The relation between cigarette smoking and stroke was also determined (P<0.0001) and since both factors showed significant relation with stroke, logistic regression analysis was done. Odds ratio was 2.207 (P<0.012) for cigarette smoking and 2.36 (P<0.04) for opium dependency respectively.