Rural tourism scenario provides a wide range of possibilities and opportunities that saved the village from social issues, economic and environmental entails. Strategic opportunity of rural tourism development makes diversity of local economy and with job creation which is based on potential of village, causes an increasing level of prosperity, living standards, income and security and after that will cause maintainability of the village population, balancing ecological and cultural character of the village. Rural tourism in pakdasht is based on Cultivation of cut flowers and ornamental plants and eco-tourism and adventure tourism too which are combining the very remarkable purposes of pleasurable travel and even has been considered as a potentially link between layers of the Ecological and economic activity. In the first step we analyzed different types of rural tourism that products diversifications influence on development possibilities of studied rural areas. We analyzed the influence of different factors (environmental stability, spatial-local Favorable development of rural areas, economic stability) by eigenvector Technique. The gained results show that the integration of transition process has occurred in the fourth transfer and the environmental stability parameter has the most importance with weight of 0. 491387 and in the second step this article is an attempt to assess and review strategic approach to rural tourism based on model "SWOT", to explain the role of tourism in rural development. The findings of the study revealed the fact that With regard to the effects of rural tourism on sustainable rural development, Revisions and provision of appropriate policies are needed in order to Take advantage of the strengths and opportunities and reduce the weaknesses and threats via Aggressive Strategy.

In structural studies, usage of appropriate statistical methods renders practical analysis of abundant data Eigenvalue and eigenvector method is one of the approaches that provides better interpretation of data in structural studies. In addition to describing the method and citing examples from lattice preferred orientation of olivine and amphibole, a chart for comparison of folding forms and K and C values are introduced in this study.

Using Conventional methods of Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen in inter industry linkages hae three limitations: Supply and demand sectors cannot be distinguished, distinction between balanced and unbalanced growth strategies are not clear and the measurement of inter industry linkages mainly depends on the size of sectoral intermediate demands. In this paper, we introduce an eigenvector method to overcome those limitations. We use the 22 aggregated sectors of the 1380 (2000) survey-based Input-Output table. The overall results show high correlation coefficients between the conventional methods. Furthermore,, we find that the eigenvector method is able to better identify those sectors which remains in the production process and therefore the key sectors.

The statistical data of Tehran Province shows that the ratios of output and employment of service sector to total provincial output and employment are 57 and 63 percent in 2001, respectively. The aim of this article is to quantitatively explain the structure of service -based economy of province, using Input-Output Model and intersectional linkages by Eigen Vector method. So, the main question in this research is that can the usage of Eigen vector method rather than traditional methods like Chenery-Watanabe and Rasmussen methods evaluate more precisely the importance of provincial economic sectors on the basis of intermediate viability in the production process?For this purpose, first the Input-Output Table of “Tehran Province” for 2001 was estimated by AFLQ method, and then the importance of provincial economic sectors was measured in terms of forward and backward linkages by Chenery-Watanabe, Rasmussen and Eigen vector methods.The results show that Eigen Vector Method can explain the importance of economic sectors of province on the basis of intermediate viability in the production process, in such a way that four key sectors are of dominant shares in industrial activities which their average share of demand out of total output is 45.5 percent, but ratios for 71 economic and service sectors are 76 percent and 84 percent, respectively. In general, results show that the nature of service sector in Tehran province is different from the services in modern economies. The main reason is that the service sector in Tehran is the consuming rather than producing sector.

This article tries to identify the forward and backward linkages of Petrochemical sector using conventional and improved Chenry-Vatanabe, Rasmussen and eigenvector methods.It relies on eigenvector method noted much.This method, based on Perron-Frobenius theory, considers the continuity of durability in one sector to the others due to the quantity of the final demand and added value. So, Input-Output table of the year 2001 aggregated to 27 sectors are used. The results represent that petrochemical sector in all the methods used has strong Forward linkage (FL>1) and weak Backward linkage (BL<1). Thus, this is not a key sector. Strong Forward linkage shows a high level of intermediate demand belonging to all sectors. Hence, we can say that petrochemical sector is a superior industry for most economic sectors and its sufficiency is higher than other economic sectors.

In 2015 "Ministry of Industry, Mine and Trade" and the "Management and Planning Organization" tried to identify the key sectors of the Iranian economy on the verge of the Sixth Five Year "Development Plan". The first report entitled "industrial development strategy" uses general criteria such as the share of value added, employment, exports and comparative advantage and the second one namely "key sectors prioritization of the Iranian economy" identifies key sectors on the basis of traditional methods in Input Output analysis. The findings of both institutions suggest the development of heavy industries. In order to assess these findings, traditional, eigenvector and hypothetical extraction methods have been used to answer three following questions: First, which of these methods give a more realistic picture of Iran’s economy and what are the key sectors? Second, to what extent the results of the three methods proposed, are in line with the proposed recommendations of the two institutions. And the third, will there be any differs of the results obtained from the three methods with the new sectoral classifications? The findings of this paper reveal that: First, of all the results of the hypothetical extraction method are more realistic due to considering the intermediate transactions, and the size of the sectoral final demand and value added, reveal that the number of industrial sectors are reduced and service sectors especially distributional ones are identified as key sectors. Second, unlike the other two methods, the results of the hypothetical extraction show a different picture: The shares of industry sectors are reduced and agriculture and service sectors appear as key sector. Third, classifying key sectors according to level of technology shows "Chemicals excluding pharmaceuticals" and "Pharmaceuticals" is common in the three methods whereas there is a considerable difference in Medium- low- technology and Low- technology industries.

Desertification is defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid that caused as a result of various factors including climatic variations and human activities. Desertification causes many restrictions in terms of agriculture, food security, livestock rising, industry and providing service costs. This phenomenon is a process that gradually developed and accelerated and adjustment costs are increasing exponentially, so according to resource constraints and the desert area sensitivity, providing optimal Combat desertification alternatives natively is necessary to achieve success in controlling and reducing the effects of this phenomenon among different regions. Therefore, this study was performed to provide a systematic and optimal alternative in a group decision-making model. To this aim, at the first in the framework of Multiple Attribute Decision-making (MADM), indices priority was determined using the eigenvector model. Then, alternatives priority was evaluated by the VIKOR model. Assessing selecting conditions of optimal alternatives in the context of the mentioned model showed that Prevention of unsuitable land use changes (A18), vegetation cover development and reclamation (A23) and modification of groundwater harvesting (A31) with VIKOR index of Q=0, 0. 3083 and 0. 6241were selected as the main desertification hazards control alternative in the study area, respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that the obtained results and ranking should be considered in projects of controlling and reducing the effects of desertification and rehabilitation of degraded land plans.