Introduction. According to previous reports, oesophageal cancer has the highest incidence rate in the north of Iran. The objective of this study was to estimate the minimal annual incidence rate of oesophageal carcinoma in the province of Mazandaran. Methods: Based on the existing data, the hospital chart data of 570 patients with osophageal carcinoma were examined. These patients were residence of Mazandaran and they were referred to Shahid Rajee Babolsar radiotherapy centre during 1982 to 1988. The distribution of population under study with respect to the age, sex and residence area was obtained from census data in 1996. Results. The minmal incidence rate was 8.83 per 100,000 subjects (9.73 for men vs 7.93 for women). The most common age group of patients was 60-69 years. The highest incidence rate was observed in the age group of 70-79 years (37.88 per 100,000 subjects). With increasing the age, the incidence rate was significantly increased up to 80 years. Among patients with age over 60 years old, the incidence rate was higher in male compared with female. However, among patients with age less than 60 years, the difference in incidence rate was not statistically significant. Thus, the mean age of male patients was significantly higher than those female. We also did not observed a significant difference on incidence rate between urban and rural residence area. Discussion. The minimal incidence rate of oesophageal cancinoma is significantly higher than those reported in the North America and European countries. However, it was obviously much less than those reported (up to 184 cases per 100,0000) in north of Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to revise the incidence rate of population under study in reference data. We still need to study at population base and to estimate the incidence rate of oesphageal carcinoma in high incidence area (Gonbad and Gorgan) in the north of Iran.

Potato virus Y, is the type member of the genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae is of the most destructive viruses of tobacco worldwide. In order to detect PVY and its distribution in Golestan province, several surveys were conducted during July to October 2017 at 15 days intervals in tobacco fields of Gorgan, Aliabad and Minoodasht. 50 plant was selected for each farm and various disease incidence (DI) and population frequency of the virus vector (MP and MPN were evaluated. Double antibody sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA) using PVYspecific polyclonal antibodies was used to estimate changes in the relative concentrations of PVY. The rate of PVY infection was different among tobacco cultivars and the maximum and minimum infection rates were belonged to PVH03 (33. 6%) and Barley (6. 2%) cultivars respectively. Based on the statistical analysis of data, there was a significant difference for disease indicators and the virus vector on different tobacco cultivars, as Basma and Barley were less susceptible to PVY than Flue-cured cultivars (PVH03, NC100 and K326). Also, the K326 cultivar has the highest Myzus persicae ssp. nicotiana and Myzus persicae populations. There was a direct correlation between disease incidence (DI( and PVY relative concentration (OD) and relative humidity and rainfall changes so that DI with rainfall changes had the highest Correlation (r = 0. 98 and P = 0. 004).

Fuzzy incidence graphs can be used as models for nondeterministic interconnection networks having extra node-edge relationships. For example, ramps in a highway system may be modeled as a fuzzy incidence graph so that unexpected flow between cities and highways can be effectively studied and controlled. Like node and edge connectivity in graphs, node connectivity and arc connectivity in fuzzy incidence graphs are introduced in this article. Their relationships with fuzzy connectivity parameters are discussed and results similar to Whitney’ s theorems are obtained. Also, the incidence is used to model flows in human trafficking networks.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing close-up diets with rumen undegradable protein on serum metabolites and the incidence of health disorders of Holstein dairy cows, during the hot season. Eighty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: low crude protein (14.3% CP; 14CP) and high crude protein (17.1% CP; 17CP) diets. Blood samples were collected weekly from d -30 up to calving and then at 0, 5, 14, and 21 days after calving, for serum metabolites determination.  Cows fed the 17CP diet had higher serum concentrations of albumin, blood urea nitogen, and Mg than 14CP cows during the close-up period. In postpartum, the 17CP cows had higher serum albumin and creatinine and lower free fatty acid, BHB, and glucose concentrations than the 14CP cows. The risk to developing subclinical ketosis (SCK), metritis and endometritis were higher for the 14CP cows than the 17CP cows. Overall, feeding high rumen undegradable protein diet to close-up cows during the hot season increased serum creatinine concentrations and lowered the incidence of SCK and metritis and endometritis postpartum.

Introduction: In early 21 st century, cancers are Gnsidered of the most important causes of mortality in the world. More than 30/000 parts and 70/000 new cases are reported in Iran annually .As cancer has an important impact on the quality of life, itsprevention will be one of the most important responsibilities of health care providers and managers .Today, cancer registeration is considered a part of cancer control  program.Materials & Methods: The necessary data was collected by trained health care providers from pathology and health centers in Ilam and neghbouring provinces.Findings: Based on the findings of this study, the population of all the known cases in Ilam (western-Iran) during 2001-6 were, 1117 cases. Crude incidence in males and females were 239.3 and 178.5 in 100/000 respectivly. The most common cancer in men occurred in skin (59/100000), esophagus (28.2), gastric (25.7), hematologic (11), and prostatic (10.5) areas respectively. The most common cancer in female stroke was skin (35.7), breast (28.3), esophagus (26.6), gastric (10.9), uterine (7.06), hematologic (6.2) respectively. Also the highest incidence occurred in the age groups of 70-74 and 60-65 and the lowest incidence occurred inthe age groups of 0-4.S.C.C and adenocarcinoma were the most common pathologied in this study.Discussion & Conclusion: Skin and gastro intestinal cancers (esophagus and gastric) are the most prevalent of such in Ilam (western-Ilam). It seems necessary for all the health care providers to play their important role in screening and teaching programs in prevention of such outbreaks of cancers.

In this paper, the concept of incidence domination number of graphs is introduced and the incidence dominating set and the incidence domination number of some particular graphs such as paths, cycles, wheels, complete graphs and stars are studied.

complication following neurosurgical procedures. incidence of postoperative shivering (POS) following non-craniotomy surgeries varies between 20 to 60%.POS after craniotomy is considered high risk and requires preventive therapies. However, incidence of postoperative shivering following craniotomies is not reported in previous reports.Aim: To determine the incidence of postoperative shivering following craniotomy.Materials and methods: In a descriptive study, 89 patients candidate for elective craniotomy were enrolled and followed for incidence of POS. Method of anesthesia were similar in all cases. Patients were covered with 3 layers of surgical drapes. Shivering was evaluated during the postoperative period by observation of shivering movements of more than 10 seconds duration. Core (nasopharynx) and skin temperature (dorsum of middle finger) were recorded.Patients’ temperature were measured prior to anesthesia and then every 2 hours during and after surgery.Results: Mean age was 53.4±14.6 and duration of surgery was 5.02±2.6. incidence of post-craniotomy shivering was 15%. Trend of decrease in core and peripheral temperature was fast reduction at the early 2 hour of anesthesia, the slow decrease and then it reached a plateau phase. Core temperature at preoperative time (37.1±0.65) was significantly higher than in postoperative (34.2±0.56) (p=0.0001). Besides, mean peripheral temperature in preoperative period (37.2±0.72) was significantly higher than in postoperative period (34.6±0.65) (p=0.0001).Conclusion: incidence of post-craniotomy shivering was 15% in our patients. Although decrease in core and peripheral temperature were significant during craniotomy, however, the incidence of post-operative shivering is lower than other surgeries.