Emulsions could be defined as heterogeneous system thermo-dynamically unstable of a two-phase system consisting of at least two immiscible liquids. A third component, the emulsifying agent, is necessary to stabilize the emulsion. Etodolac is used to relieve pain, swelling, and joint stiffness from arthritis. The local administration of the drug topically will avoid the systemic side effects besides some advantages making it a superior dosage form. The present study aims to formulate and evaluate nanoemulsion composed of different oils and surfactant system systems and find the best microemulsion formula in terms of particle size and stability. The present study includes making different emulsion formulas and implementing etodolac into them. The formulas were made by wet gum using DW, oils (almond and eucalyptus), and surfactants (tweens, span, and triton X). Experiments were then done on the formulas to choose successful ones to put etodolac into. One of the successful formulas had etodolac implemented into them and further experiment were done after. Finally, etodolac was tested in-vivo in the form of cream to see its efficacy by a pharmacologist.Results revealed that all prepared formulas succeeded in giving emulsion but with variable degree of properties and stability. Their pH are acidic with no sensitization to skin. Selected formula Fe2 contains eucalyptus oil and a mixture of tween40 and triton x is the best formula in terms of stability, reliability, and globular size. Upon addition of etodolac drug formula still stable and globular size is small and uniform under laser diffraction analyzer. Eucalyptus and almond oils can give stable emulsion. Oil in water emulsion type is predominant in all prepared formulas. A stable and promising formula was obtained with no sensitization was seen, and this formula is ready to be applied to human skin after some more tests to be marketed as microemulsion formula for the analgesic drug etodolac.

This work aimed to prepare a nanoemulsion preparation containing budesonide and assess its aerodynamic behavior in comparison with suspension of budesonide. In-vitro aerodynamic performance of the corresponding micellar solution (ie. nanoemulsion preparation without oil) was investigated too. Nanoemulsions of almond oil containing budesonide, as a hydrophobic model drug molecule, were prepared and optimized. Then, the effect of variation of surfactant/ co-surfactant concentration on the aerodynamic properties of the nebulized aerosol was studied. The results indicated that the most physically stable formulation makes the smallest aerodynamic size. The concentration of co-surfactant was also shown to be critical in determination of aerodynamic size. Furthermore, the optimized sample, with 3% w/w almond oil, 20% w/w Tween 80+Span 80 and 2% w/w ethanol showed a smaller MMAD in comparison with the commercially available suspension and the micellar solution.

Conclusions: Cancers and bacterial infections are significant global public health challenges and economic issues. Nanostructures containing essential oils have been considered a suitable alternative as therapeutic agents. In this study, the chemical composition of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil (EO) as herbal medicine was investigated using GC-MS analysis. β-hymacalene (23%), limonene (10%), azonol (9%), and α-farnesene (9%) were identified as major compounds. Different tween 20 and tween 80 concentrations were screened to prepare an optimum nanoemulsion containing the EO. It showed a circular shape with droplet size and Zeta potential of 135 ± 8 nm and -21 ± 2 mV, and ATR-FTIR confirmed the successful loading of the EO in droplets. In vitro biological assays demonstrated that the nanoemulsion exhibited significant potency with IC50 values of 30, 311, 544, 88, and 213 µg/mL against A-375, A-431, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, compared to the unformulated EO. These findings prove the merit of the prepared nanoemulsion as a suitable candidate for further research against other types of cancer, various pathogens, and in vivo studies.