Background and Aim: Risk factors including asphyxia, meningitis, form of delivery, etc. may cause hearing loss in neonates results in speech and language deprivation, emotional and educational problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and its relationship with risk factors among neonates hospitalized in neonate intensive care unit (NICU).Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study on 234 NICU hospitalized neonates in Ghaem and Imam-Reza hospitals of Mashhad. Epidemiologic and pathologic information were obtained. Otoacoustic emissions were done in all of neonates. Patients referred to the second otoacoustic emissions (OAEs) and patients failed in the second test controlled by auditory brainstem response (ABR).Results: Hearing abnormality was found in 11 neonates (4.7%) including 2 girls and 9 boys. (1 neonate with mild, 2 with mild to moderate, 2 with moderate to severe, 1 with sever to profound hearing loss and 4 with auditory neuropathy). Hearing abnormality has a significant greater incidence in group with apgar ≤5 and in patients with icterus (in need with transfusion).Conclusion: Incidence of hearing loss in NICU hospitalized neonates are greater in comparison with general population. It has a greater incidence in group with icterus (in need with transfusion) and apgar ≤5, so, a comprehensive hearing screening program must be applied for early identification and intervention.

One of the image processing applications is feature extraction for recognition purposes. Due to the fact that neonate has been in amniotic fluid inside mother's uterus at least for six month, upon birth, would have no fingerprints recognizable. So to clearly recognize a neonate, footprint pattern can be used. This pattern consists of lines in different directions and in some position contains cross lines. In this paper, for each right footprint image of neonate, these lines after brightening, by using Radon Transformation would be recognized and with clustering in the Radon space, lines with higher value would be selected and then in spatial space it would be back projected along with initial brightened image. At the end, by using Eucleadin distance of points according to lines in the Radon space an unknown image among the existing images in the bank would be recognized. To the best knowledge of the authors, this research is first being carried out on neonate footprint and usage of some new algorithms of feature extraction, this proposed method can be used by relevant institute for recognition.

We report on a newborn at Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad who was diagnosed with congenital malaria. This baby was admitted for evaluation of a fever and cough, which began one day prior to admission. The newborn was pale with splenomegaly and normal neonatal reflexes. Medical laboratory tests, including a peripheral blood smear, revealed Plasmodium vivax in red blood cells. His mother had been suffering from a fever for almost a week prior to delivery. She was tested and found positive for P. vivax. Both the newborn and mother were successfully treated with chloroquine. They were discharged from the hospital in good condition with negative blood smears

Surviviors of extreme prematurity (less than 26 weeks gestational age) may have longer impairment, including developmental disabilities and neurological deficits that become evident as the child matures. Music has been used as an intervention purported to facilitate development in young, at-risk children in infant stimulation and early intervention programs. Over the past decade Medical music therapy, has been introduced into the neonatal intensive care unit as a therapy designed to enhance treatment and facilitate growth and development of premature infants. The purpose of this study is to provide an introduction to current music therapy protocols for premature infants, as well as highlight research supporting the use of these procedures to address a variety of medical and developmental objectives. Protocols covered include (a) music combined with kangaroo care, (b) multimodal stimulation, (c) developmentally appropriate music listening and (d) pacifier activated lullabies. Researches suggest that these procedures have been effective in addressing a wide range of medical and developmental needs. Positive outcomes include: (a) reduced length of stay, (b) stabilized oxygen saturation levels, (c) increased stimulation tolerance, (d) reduced stress-related behaviors, (e) enhanced parent–infant bonding and (f) improved parent-child Interactions.Conclusion: Music therapy techniques have been demonstrated to be effective across a wide range of medical and developmental issues for premature infants and these benefits can improve the quality of care in the NICU. Music therapy would seem to be a valuable resource for the premature infant during NICU treatment.

To induce weight gain, 100-120kcal/kg in term neonate and 110-140kcal/kg in preterm are needed. Vitamin and mineral requirement for preterm are not clearly established. Caution is required with vitamin supplementation, because toxicity may occur with both water and fat soluble vitamins as a result of immature renal and hepatic function. Iron deficiency associated with short-term and long-term neurodevelopmental deficits, delayed maturation of the auditory brainstem responses, and abnormalities of memory and behavier. Preterm infants are more susceptible to iron deficiency due to small iron stores at birth, high velocity, and phelebotomy loss. Term healthy infants should be breast fed as soon as possible within the first hour. The following criteria should usually be met before initiating infant feeding: 1-absence of excessive oral secretion, 2- nondistended, soft abdomen with normal bowel sounds, 3- respiratory rate<60, 4-prematurity. Feeding cautions: should also be extended to term infant with perinatal depression, polycythemia and congenital heart disease who are also at risk of developing NEC. Human milk is preferred for feeding term, preterm, and sick infant.Feeding intolerance: presence of bilious aspirates, emesis, blood in stool, abdominal distention or other systemic signs such as apnea and bradycardia should be closely evaluated.

ACUTE RENAL FAILURE IN THE neonate   Acute renal failure is defined as an abrupt severe decrease in glomerular filtration rate. 412 babies admitted in NICU for 6 month since 8.96. 67 of all NICU admissions (16.3%) met the initial criteria, which were azotemia defined as blood urea more than 40 mg/dl and oliguria defined as urin output < 1cc/kg/hr. 59 of the 67 (88%) were prerenal in etiology and responded to a trial volume expansion and furosemid with immediate and sustained improvment in urin output and resolution azotemia. This study suggest that acute renal failure has an incidence as high as 16.3% in all NICU admissions. Prerenal failure occurs in 88% of these cases which makes it the most common cause of acute renal failure in the neonate. Sepsis and asphyxia were the most common cause of renal failure (P<0.01).22 of 67 (33%) died. Sepsis, hemorrhage and asphyxia were the most common cause of death.  

Background & Objective: Adolescent pregnancy defines as "The pregnancy of a female aged 10-19 years”. This is considered to be her age when she gave birth to her first child. The object of the study is to find out the association between the adolescent pregnancy and the normal age pregnancy with in relation to the neonate outcome. Materials & Methods: Descriptive observational, Case-control Study was conducted between 18th January 2021 to 29th September 2021. Researchers studied all 654 pregnant patients at Kirkuk's Azady Teaching Hospital, from admission through labor and delivery, after they were randomly selected. Results: Adolescent mom had a higher incidence rate than adult mom regarding  Low birth weight (13. 3% vs 8. 7 %), Fetal distress (30. 7% vs. 25. 2% ), and the rate of Respiratory distress (10. 6% vs. 10. 1%), Asphyxia (3. 7vs. 2. 8%), Preterm(17. 0% vs 6. 0%), Congenital anomalies(4. 1% vs1. 4%), Stillbirth (5. 5% vs 0. 9%), Early neonate death(3. 2% vs 1. 8%), Admission to NICU (42. 2% vs 27. 5%). Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrates that, in comparison to adult mothers, teenage moms were more susceptible to difficulties during labor and delivery. Adolescent pregnancy rates may be decreased by using specific techniques.