Meanings and applications of the letters and their usage have significant role in the interpretation and eloquence of the Old Persian texts. Bayhaghi's History is one of the most exquisite texts in Persian prose in which the letter “ra” has been extensively used. Some of the applications of “ra” in that book and afterwards is current in its contemporary texts. However, in some cases the usage of “ra” is specific to its own context. In any case, "ra" appears in the form of preposition, demonstrative, emphatic, and so on. The verb accompanying “ra” has effective role in recognizing the meaning and its application.

Chronic pain makes parenting more difficult as mothers with chronic illnesses such as LBP, RA or MS have to manage pain and disability of chronic illness and parenting simultaneously. Therefore coping has an important role to reduce the tension of chronic illness and to improve parenting in mothers with chronic pain and main goal of present study is comparing relational coping strategies in mothers with LBP, MS, RA, and control group.Sample size is consisted of 67 patients with LBP, 50 patients with RA, 32 patients with MS, and 32 non-patients. All mothers participated in semi structured interview of relational coping strategies Results demonstrated that there is a significant difference between four groups in relational coping strategies of self-care, engaging the child, requesting assistance from others (social support), self-preservation parenting and distraction. Results indicated that mothers with RA, MS and LBP utilized self-care, requesting social support, self-preservation parenting and distraction more than control group. Non-patient mothers engaged their children in activities more than patient groups. Results are consistent with previous research that mothers in chronic pain use pain management copings more frequently and reduce their parenting activities.

Introduction: Autoimmune diseases are caused by immune systems reacting against self antigens. One important feature of autoimmune diseases is the tendency for overlap, such that an individual with a specific syndrome is more likely to simultaneously develop a second syndrome. Autoimmune thyroid disorders are frequently associated with autoimmune diseases of other organs such as Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of thyroid disorders in patients with RA or Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 200 patients with diagnoses of RA or SLE, referred to the rheumatology clinic of Shahid Mohammadi hospital (Bandar abbas- Iran) between May 2004 and December 2006 and following thyroid investigations were categorized in 3 groups (T3, T4, TSH, Anti TPO, and Anti TG); 57 patients with RA, 59 patients with SLE and 66 patients with mechanical low back pain or osteoarthritis as controls. Results: Sub clinical hypothyroidism was more frequent in the RA (10.7%) and SLE (10.2%) groups than in controls (0%) (P<0.05). Clinical hypothyroidism was found in 8% of RA patients & 15.2% of SLE patients. None of the controls had clinical hypothyroidism (P<0.02). Hyperthyroidism (Graves disease) was found in only 1 patient with RA (1.13%) (P>0.05). Anti TG & Anti TPO were found more frequently in RA and SLE cases than in controls. Conclusion: Autoimmune thyroid disorders are more frequent in patients with RA and SLE than in controls.

Investigating biography and character of Kha¯tu¯n of Bukha¯ra¯-who has been the only female ruler (Bukha¯ra¯ Khuda¯t) of Bukha¯ra¯, and was challenging at the same time with continuous Arab attacks and internal competitors- one can find valuable information about political and social life in Bukha¯ra¯ at that time. Despite its vagueness, the story of Kha¯tu¯n's romantic relationship with an Arab commander, Sa‘i¯d b. ‘Uthma¯n, which is transmitted to us in a poem, is valuable literary and historically. Presenting a report of contemporary researchers' interpretations, and taking into consideration some historical events and lingual considerations, this article tries to give a new interpretation of this poem.

Aims. This study was to evaluate the direct effect of rubella virus on decreasing of DNA replication and mitotic dividing of human glioblastoma cells.Materials & Methods. At first, human glioblastoma cells and hella cell line cultured at 37°C in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum without virus. And then, virus seed produced and virus titration done by microtitration method. At the third step, the effect of Rubella virus on glioblastoma cells and the rate of DNA replication evaluated by corporation and interference of Brdu instead of timidine base. Results. The rate of absorbance of Brdu in genome of glioblastoma cells treated with Rubella virus in order of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 hours after infection were 0.25, 0.3, 0.45, 0.5 and 0.6 that showed decrease of absorbance after 6 hours of infection. This decreasing, determined in order of of 0.05, 0.2 and 0.4 after 6, 8 and hours of infection, respectively.Conclusion. Rubella virus has very good potential in decreasing the replication and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. Meanwhile, these effects are without cytopathic effect on cells a few days after infection, and may be useful for direct and systematic treatment.

1. Introduction: Persian literature researchers have very little knowledge about the first phases of Persian poetry, and the closer we get to the first years of Persian poetry, the less we have information about it. Moreover, in later times, the works of unknown poets were attributed to prominent poets. One of these anonymous poets, whose name was "Sayyid al-Shu'ara" during his life is Labibi. He recited about two hundred and thirty verses, and he was recognized through articles by Mohammad Taghi Bahar, Mohammad Dabirsiyaghi, and Omid Sarvari. The aim of this article is to convey the dimensions of Labibi’ s Ode that have not been fully found so far and researchers have committed various mistakes about it. . . .

Part of the literary beauty of the Qurʾ, ā, n can be seen when examining the structure and text of its chapters. This study is followed by descriptive-analytical method and aims to present the aesthetics of this sura at the level of structure, sounds and vocabulary. The results of the study indicate that this sura has a coherent structure and its discussions are presented in two categories: The first category contains the story of the faith of the Jinn by hearing the verses of the Qurʾ, ā, n and their freedom from polytheism. The second category also includes the proof of the message of God's mission and the unseen world. The aim and purpose of the sura is to call for monotheism and to prove the prophecy of the prophet Muḥ, ammad (PBUH) and that the Qurʾ, ā, n is a guide fo humanity. At the phonetic level, arrays of repetition, al-tasdī, r and alliteration have been used, which show the beauty of the words and the coherence of the text. At the lexical level, the final words of this sura are very similar to Sura al-Kahf. Through the comparative study of two surah, one can reach new points.

Narrative Ra and individual style of Golestan.In this paper I will be concerned with the individual in Golestan. The existence of individual style in Golestan has been a clear matter for over stylisticians; but what features give stylistic value to a work? And which of them is individual? What is the difference between utterance of Golestan and others? In this article I will answer to these questions and will claim that the narrative Ra is one of the style markers in Golestan.