Background: Inserting ureteral stent for allograft ureter during anastomosing reduces the complication rate of the procedure. It is recommended by some experts but stent is a foreign body and may cause some complications including infection.Objective: To determine the correlation between urine cultures taken one week post-transplantation (at the time of the Foley catheter removal), four weeks post-transplantation (at the time of ureteral catheter removal), and ureteric stent bacteria in allograft kidney.Methods: 61 kidney transplant recipients who underwent transplantation at our center between 2012 and 2015, were studied. The participants included 34 males and 27 females aged between 12 to 60 years. They were operated by the same team and received the same immunosuppressive and antibiotic regimens. All the information with details of urine and stent cultures were collected and analyzed. Four weeks post-transplantation, the ureter stent was removed and cultured. The result of stent culture was compared with the urine culture sampled one week post-transplantation (during removal of urethral the Foley catheter from the bladder) and also with urine the culture of the sample taken before removing the ureter stent four weeks post-transplantation.results: In 18 (7 female and 11 male) patients the ureter stent culture was positive. In only one patient the result of urine culture before ureter stent removal at four weeks post-transplantation, was positive. In 12 patients the result of the urine cultures at the time of removing urethral Foley catheter (one week post-transplantation) and ureter stent culture were positive; in 18 (11 female and 7 male) patients, urine culture at the time of removing urethral Foley catheter (one week post-transplantation) was positive but none had a positive ureter stent culture.Conclusion: Four weeks post-transplantation, 3% of ureteral stent cultures were positive but concomitant urine cultures were negative, which means urine culture did not indicate bacteria of ureteral stent. However, there was correlation between urine culture during removing urethral Foley catheter from the bladder and ureteral stent culture.

‎In this article‎, ‎we introduce a new concept of fuzzy measurement‎, ‎the space of fuzzy measurable functions and fuzzy integral‎, ‎which has a dynamic position and is different from previous approaches‎. ‎With this concept‎, ‎we create a new version of measurement theory and fuzzy integral‎. ‎The main goal of this paper is to define the fuzzy integral in the fuzzy size space‎. ‎First‎, ‎we introduce fuzzy measurable functions and $L^{+}$ essential and related concepts in fuzzy space‎. ‎In the continuation of the work‎, ‎with the help of fuzzy measurable functions‎, ‎we define the fuzzy integral in the fuzzy measurement space and examine the theorems related to it and the relationship between them in the fuzzy measurement space‎. ‎The next step is to establish one of the fundamental convergence theorems with the uniform convergence theorem in the fuzzy measurement space and prove it‎. ‎Finally‎, ‎we prove Fatou's lemma as an application of the theorems raised in the fuzzy measurement space‎.

We establish new sufficient conditions which guarantee existence of solutions of equilibrium Problems: Let K be a nonempty subset of a topological space E and f. The problem of interest, called equilibrium problem, is defined as follows: Find x such that f(x, y)>0 for all y: This problem is very general in the sense that it includes, as special cases, complementarity problems, fixed point problems, minimax problems, Nash equilibrium problem in non-cooperative games, optimization problems and variational inequality problems, to name a few. As a matter of fact, this formulation unifies these problems in a convenient way, and many of the results obtained. Our results are without making any convexity and monotonicity assumptions on the underlying problem data. Our results are based upon the relation between the KKM principle and equilibrium problems through constructing a certain family of subsets of a given Hausdorff topological vector space. We also illustrate our developments and describe applications by adapting our existence results for non-convex minimization problems.

A simple method is described, to prove some theorems for simple hyper K-algebras and to study positive implicative hyper K-ideals, weak (implicative ) hyper K-ideals in simple hyper K-algebras. Beside, some results on positive implicative and (weak) implicative simple hyper K-algebras are presented. Finally classification of simple hyper Kalgebras of order 4, which are satisfied in conditions of Theorem 3.29, is going to be calculated.