Introduction: Hepatitis B may be transmitted via several pathways, within them sexual transmission plays an important role during adulthood. The strong epidemiologic evidence on intra-familial spouse-spouse transmission of this illness is lacking, and this study is to investigate this issue. Methods: The study sample was selected by random cluster sampling all over Iran. Blood samples were transferred to one reference lab, and tests of HbsAg were performed using ELISA method.Results: Generally,15944 case were studied, within them 2.64%were positive for HbsAg. Prevalence in married men was 2.92% whereas prevalence in married woman was found to be 1.97%. In exposed men 9.24% was positive for HbsAg, and in unexposed men 1.52% were positive (absolute risk increase in men= 7.72%, relative risk= 6.08). Among patients wives the ratio was 6.43%, whereas in unexposed women 1.02 found to be positive for HbsAg .Absolute risk increase in wives of affected husbands was calculated 5.41% and relative risk was 6.30 (RRI=530.38%). Discussion: The results support the probability of sexual transmission of hepatitis B in non-riskful sexual contacts ie, between spouses within family. It is now also evident that the transmission is not only from wife to husband, but also from husband to wife by an almost similar rate.

In this study the researchers used survey method and prepared a questionnaire for data Collection. Sample size is 280 married women in 3, 7, and 18 districts in Tehran city.Data process has been in 3 levels namely description, two variables analysis, and variables analysis and path analysis.In order to measure the rate of trusting the spouse we used six indicators, including truthfulness, loyalty, security, lack of doubt, satisfactory emotional feeling, coefficient of correlation. Validity of these indicators is approved by using Alpha and asking view points of some professionals.Findings of this research show that distribution of trust rate among interviewers was normal and there were significant relations between some of variables such as parents' trust, basic trust, type of husbands' friends, husbands' handsomest, fail, expectations and commitment, social ability, persuasion, dependency feeling, interest, self sacrifice, discipline, comprehensive relation, division of home labor spouses' knowledge and durational effective daily interaction with trusting the spouses:The results of regression analysis and path analysis showed the effects of the variables are as follows: mutual relations qualifications (60), comeliness of spouses (-30.6), authority in family (-21.78), spouses' friends (16.6), failure in life (-23).

Objective: spouse abuse is a major worldwide health concern and includes a wide range of emotional, physical and sexual maltreatments. The objective of present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of spouse abuse among women who were registered with health centers in the city of Sari (a city in the northern part of Iran and southern border of Caspian Sea).Methods: We distributed two specifically designed questionnaires among one thousand women whose name was in the list of health centers register in Sari. The subjects had been randomly selected from a list of 49330 registered women. Demographic data and data on spouse abuse were then analyzed by using Student’s unpaired t-test and Chi- square test.Results: Seventy three and a half percent of the women reported that they were subjected to physical abuse. The rate of emotional abuse was higher than the other methods of domestic violence. It was reported in 80.8% of the victims. Seventy three and half percent of women said that they were physically abused, and 49.6% of them reported sexual abuse. Younger age, un-employment, low level of education, substance misuse, presence of a physical or a psychological problem and having more children were risk factors for domestic violence.Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of domestic maltreatment in the sample population. Authors believe that addressing unemployment, substance misuse problems and early treatment of mental illness in young couples in Iran will promote the psychological health of the family and reduce the risk of domestic violence.

In this article, the author considers spouse heritage from irreplaceable properties. Shiite jurists have different viewpoints about mentioned issue. And most of them deny it.In this article it is criticized Ayatollah Hashemi Shahroudi ’s viewpoint, the headquarter of judicature, who published his article in Ahl Bayt Quarterly (No. 49).It is obvious that the author writes this article to transfer information and Ayatollah Shahroudi can reply this article.

This research has been carried out to find out the relationship between spouse annoying sadism and suicide tendency with feeling of hurting spouse in women who have been subject to violent behaviour of their husbands in Tehran. The sample which was studied contains 97 of women who have been victims of violence. This sampling procedure is available in Family Count of 1 and 2. Data gathering objects contain: 1- A violence evaluation inventory which evaluates 4 Types of violence, separately, such as: Psychological, Physical, Sexual, and Economic violence; 2- Inventory prepared by research, evaluates tendency to suicide and feeling of hurting spouse, on the one hand, and family support received by the women who have been victims of violence. Findings were: 1-Among many types of violence which mentioned above, psychological one has the most dependency and relationship to suicide tendency and feeling of hurting spouse. Although the women who have been victim of violent behaviour and whom were also the recipients of support by their family, still tended to committing suicide and hurting their husbands; 2- Comparing the women who their education degrees were high school diploma, RA., or higher with more lowly educated women, the first group had less tendency to suicide and feeling of hurting their husbands.

The objective of this research is to evaluate social mobility from the perspective of marriage among the families residing in Tehran. The present research work specifically seeks to answer the following questions: Are marriages traditional or modern in Tehran? How is the spouse selected in Iran? Have married couples selected their spouses from their own social group or from other social groups? Based on the current spouse selection pattern, are men or women more likely to exit their social group? Which variables govern one’s upgrading his/her social group? All couples living in Tehran constituted the statistical population of the study. Based on Cronbach's alpha, a sample of 380 was selected, from among whom 357 questionnaires were collected and finally analyzed. The results indicated that people tend to leave their social group in the marriage process and men tend to follow an upgrading choice more than women. Meanwhile, variables such as education level, income level and the type of job are male enhancement factors. In spouse selection, acquired traits, the family, and ultimately traditional values are high on the list of priorities.

Background: spouse abuse consists of: aggression, beating and slapping, affront, mental- social- economic- sexual abuse and etc. The side for wives effects range from physical, mental and social harms to death. There are few studies on this subject in Iran; therefore we designed a survey to study its situation in Isfahan city of Iran. Methods: In this Cross Sectional study with Cluster Random Sampling, we selected 4 serial houses from 50 blocks of 495 blocks according to map of Isfahan city and 386 married women were interviewed using standard questionnaire.Results: The mean age of these women was 35.7 (15-78) years and the mean age of marriage was 19.3 (9-44) years, 2.4% of them were foreigners, 1.8% Christian and others Muslim, 7.5% of them were illiterate. Prevalence of smoking-alcohol and drug abuse was 0.5% in them and 33.7%-7.8%-5.7%.Respectively in their husbands prevalence of spouse abuse from marriage time was 36.8% and incidence rate was 29.3% in recent year. The most common time of spouse abuse was in the night. The most common types of it were: disregarding wives' feelings 45%, aggression 43%, unconsented intercourse 31%, forced intercourse 18%, insecurity at home 15.8%. Threat to: Discontinue relations with other family members 38%, Affront 32%, Beating 24%, quitting 18%, Divorce 15%, Death 7%, knifing 6%, Gunning 2%. Making problems such as: financial 10%, House- Clothing- Food supplies 14%- 14%- 8%. History of: Slapping 32%, humiliation 29%, Beating 27%, Knifing 3.4%.Conclusion:  Given the high prevalence and incidence rate of spouse abuse, we suggest that an analytical study to identify the risk factors of spouse abuse in our community be carried out and public enforce on mutual rights and duties of wives and husbands planned and performed.  

Choosing the right wife is most significant decision that impacts all other issues of life. Considering the significance of marriage, the consistency, and strength of family, this study was done to explore the relationship between spouse choosing criteria and positive feelings towards spouse, considering the mediating role of senses of unity and flexibility of family. All teachers of Zahedan consisted the statistical population of the descriptive-analytical study. The sample included 258 people, using multi-stage cluster method and Cochran's formula. A questionnaire on prioritizing the criteria for choosing spouse, feeling positive towards the spouse, and feeling unity and flexibility of family was used to collect data. Factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied for analyzing the data and testing the hypotheses. The results showed that family unity with a coefficient of-0. 241 and flexibility of family with a coefficient of-0. 203 have mediating role among choosing spouse and positive feelings towards spouse criteria (p<0. 05). As the predictive coefficients are more than 0. 5, the model has a high predictive power,therefore, the results of the correlation analysis confirm the positive and significant correlation between choosing spouse criteria and positive feeling towards the spouse, with the mediating role of the sense of unity and flexibility of family.

Background & Objective: Abusing the married women are among one of the most difficult problem in many countries. In the study, mental health status of spouse abused women was evaluated.Materials & Methods: 1186 women were selected randomly from all districts of Tehran, undergoing spouse abuse questionnaire and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). Collected data were analyzed by SPSS software with t-test and multiple regression analysis.Results: In 1186 study case, 1013 women (85.4%) experienced emotional abuse, 374 ones (31.5%) physical abuse, 360 ones (30.4%) sexual abuse and 206 ones (17.4%) all types of abuse. Also, the abuse victims suffered worse status of general health (p<0.05). Examining relation between all types of abuse, as a predictive factor ,and general health aspects as an(y) factor, with multiple regression analysis revealed a positive relation, i.e. experiencing any type of abuse could predict worsening of general health (p<0.05).Conclusion: spouse abused women suffer a worse status in general health. Also they showed emotional disorders. The victims of sexual and physical abuse suffered worse than victims of emotional abuse.