The period from the 3rd to 7th centuries AH (9th to 13th century AH) is considered as the period of growth and prosperity in knowledge within the Islamic realm, which is why it is often referred to as the Islamic Golden Age. Medical knowledge is one of the most important branches of knowledge that has grown during this period thanks to the efforts of the great scholars of Islamic civilization, especially Iranians. Hence, examining medical concepts during this period helps greatly in understanding the path of development of medical knowledge. Hot swellings (Uram Har) are one of the complications and clinical problems in the literature of Persian medicine that have attracted the attention of scholars and physicians in this period. Prominent scientists of Islamic civilization have provided classifications and definitions about Uram Har and associated diseases related in their medical books. Therefore, via reviewing and analyzing these definitions and classifications, this study endeavors to explain different views about these Uram in order to identify the types of Uram Har. Examining the views of physicians of this period reveals various types of these Uram such as Jawarsiyya, Jadri, Jamrah, Namla, etc. The clinical symptoms and causes of these swellings have been studied by scholars in different periods, which have been discussed separately in this article. This study provides a comprehensive look at the classification of hot Swellings in Persian medicine based on the views of physicians from the third to seventh centuries AH in the Islamic era, which can be the basis for future research in this field.

Background and Purpose: In recent years, the increasing use of herbal medicine and its products has highlighted the role of herbal medicine in the global economic cycle, leading to a substantial increase in investments in this industry. It is predicted that the value of global trade in herbal medicine will reach $5 trillion by 2050. Meanwhile, Iran has a small share of global trade in this industry. This is despite the fact that Iran's climate and soil conditions are among the most favorable in the world for the cultivation and propagation of herbal medicine, enabling the capability to grow and produce thousands of species of herbal medicine. In this regard, examining the current status of the field of herbal medicine and traditional medicine shows that there are numerous obstacles and problems facing this field. Studies show that a significant part of problems stem from improper implementation of the functions defined for the role-players in the field of herbal medicine and traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: Given the importance of this issue, the present study has designed a system model withing the field of herbal medicine and traditional medicine industry through a descriptive-analytical method, utilizing library study with reference to primary sources. Results: Findings show that the most important damage and problem identified in the field of herbal medicine and traditional medicine is related to the lack of an independent structure for executive policy-making and integrated management of the supply chain of herbal medicine and traditional medicine. Additionally, there are weaknesses in regulation and supervision of the activities of this field, particularly given the multiplicity of role-players and, indeed, the dimension of the governance system. Conclusion: Conclusively, to achieve the desired situation, the present study has developed a desirable structure in order to realize the desired governance system to realize the main functions of this system, including policy-making and strategic monitoring, regulation and arbitration, and governance control. Subsequently, the improvement action plan in the seven areas identified in the system model is depicted through a responsibility allocation matrix.

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:چکیده A survey of the poems of Naz Al-Malaika and Abdul Wahab Al-Bayati (Sample case study of social incompatibility) Abstract One of the clear and obvious manifestations of new poetry in contemporary Iraq is the phenomenon of social disharmony, this phenomenon emerged in the 20th century with the emergence of Iraqi pioneers such as (Nazak Al-Malaika and Abdul Wahab Al-Bayati, etc.), imitation of the traditional structure, familiarity With the romantic school and the political and social situations of the Iraqi society, these poets became incompatible. They have displayed this literary effect in three ways: literary, political and social inconsistency in their poetry. Their incompatibility in appearance led to the appearance of "Prose Poem" and in the sense of poetry, it caused the awakening and awareness of the Iraqi people and the promotion of the social vision of different social classes. These poets have endured a lot of suffering in creating innovation, such as prison, exile, displacement and alienation, so fear, loneliness, sadness cast a shadow on most of their poems. These poets have been able to express realistic themes and concepts in the form of inconsistency and they are a new spirit in the body of modern poetry. Due to the unfavorable political situation, they used myth and code and repetition style in their poems and were able to transform new poetry so that it can respond to an important part of the concerns of the modern world. Key words: Contemporary Arabic poetry. Social disharmony, "Nazak Al-Malaika", "Abd al-Wahhab Bayati".

Background and Aim: Mongols, like other ethnic communities, have had principles in medicine and lifestyle which have been influenced by their living conditions and environment. Finding Mongolian rules is a little difficult, because the Mongols lived in many lands during their life history and have always been influenced by the traditions and rules of a new land and Mongolian principles have been changed. As a result, it can be said that their medical beliefs also had many changes and have taken a new form. The aim of this study is to review the most ancient beliefs in traditional medicine and therapies of Mongols, to review the development of their traditional medical knowledge and the current situation. Materials and Methods: In this research, historical books, articles and Internet resources about traditional Mongolian medicine were searched with the key words of "Mongol" and "traditional medicine". Findings: In this research, the effect of the Mongol’ s religious beliefs on treatment and health beliefs were assessed. The principles of traditional Mongolian medicine and the way of changes in traditional medicine knowledge under the influence of the medical knowledge of other nations and some of their therapeutic manners were expressed. Conclusion: The most important factors affecting traditional Mongolian medicine were their religious beliefs which have been very mixed with witchcraft. Their traditional medical beliefs, practices have been gradually mixed with the traditions of other nations, such as "Tibet" and "India" and theories and techniques have been developed. traditional medicine now has a valuable place among the Mongols and is used impressively.

The earliest indications of medicinal plant use by humans were found in the Middle East and date back to the Stone Age. Travelers and traders introduced Greek and Roman Curative Practices to Indian & Chinese Practitioners, who blended them with their even older ones. Reintroduced by knights returning from the Crusades, these modified practices energized medieval European medicine and the Unani Medicine al Muslims. This cross- pollination of ideas and theories between European and Asian Cultures regarding medicinal plants helped advanced knowledge about plants and somewhat standardize their uses. Books cataloging medicinal plants helped preserve, disseminate and standardize this knowledge.

Internet librarianship, Library 2.0 and Webinomics are but few examples of the terms that have come to affect our Net-Centric existence. Cooperative organization of web-based resources or Folksonomy is yet another facet of this existence. While, per se, it deals with electronic based or Net-based materials, it is not totally in keeping with the fact that it does not cover the physical libraries. The present paper presents the experience gained in using Folksonomy and establishing a Library 2.0 system in a technical university library. Using a variation of Referral Technical Research Service for a limited period, a 30 day snapshot of query language employed by the patrons was developed. A team poured over the data to analyze both the queries and the results in order to discern patterns. The pattern(s) were used to optimize tagging and services. The patrons’ intrinsic tagging behavior was incorporated into a collaborative tagging routine. Using a cognitive construct to better understand tagging relegation by the patrons, this tagging was extended to tangible library information assets. In essence, two levels of access were incorporated, one level being static and based on library practice, and the other being a level dynamically shifting based on the customer profile and cognitive style.

traditional architecture’ is frequently used with an implicit meaning. This paper tries to find a more explicit meaning for this phrase by reviewing common synonyms of the phrase. This review does not only lead to a definition for traditional architecture, but also arrives at prerequisites of traditional architecture, i.e. traditional, design and traditional design education.

Fever is one of the complications of the disease, whose etiology may remain unrecognized in diagnostic evaluations in some cases. Avicenna, the Iranian scientist, classified fever on the basis of the etiology of the involved organ, timing of fever, and the involved temperaments. According to him, the three types of fever are Dagh fever, phlegmatic fever, and daily fever. Avicenna emphasized on history taking and careful examination of patients and stated that the physician should ask about anything that is related to the events before occurrence of fever. It seems that understanding the ideas proposed in the traditional medicine can be helpful in diagnosis and treatment of the underlying causes of fever.