Objectives: Economists postulates that in order to achieve maximum welfare gain in the community, cost and benefit of investment projects should be distributed between individual on the base of marginal utility of income. A broader opinion is that even though poorer individuals may be less able to pay for a particular benefit, they may obtain greater utility from it. In line with the broader opinion, this paper looks at regional welfare weights in Iran on the basis of a conventional consumption utility function which assumes diminishing marginal utility. Methods: In this paper we investigate real per capita consumption of 28 provinces in 1385 with statistical point. and estimate marginal utility of consumption in Iran with econometric and time series technique.Findings: There is a significant difference in real per capita consumption between provinces if a project increase the income in all provinces in a same amount their effect on welfare increase will be different. Marginal utility of income in Iran is -1.56. the minimum welfare with belong to Tehran province and maximum to Sistan province. Results: The use of distributional weights normally produces a systematic bias in investment analysis favoring projects that benefit the poor rather than the rich. This should not be regarded as being a distortion in the rational use of Scarce resources, but rather a manifestation of fundamental socio-economic objectives of the community who may wish to consider equity and efficiency objectives simultaneously. With the use of regional welfare weights the cost-benefit analysis will make the poor districts a much more favorable venue than the richer ones.

The nonlinear Black-Scholes equation has been increasingly attracting interest over the last two decades, because it provides more accurate values by considering trans-action costs as a viable assumption. In this paper we review the fully nonlinear Black-Scholes equation with an adjusted volatility which is a function of the second derivative of the price and then we prove two new theorems in this realistic model.

In this article, an outer measure is constructed on a pseudo-ordered set (X, %) and then it will be shown that it is in fact a measure defined on the whole power set of X. Applying this, a measurable utility function θ,is defined which represents the relation % on X. Also, we discuss the continuity and upper semi-continuity of θ,in certain points of X. Finally, the results are used to improve some of the theorems in economics.

Optimal component choice of government physical policies is defined by government utility function and its effective factors. So, the optimal size of budget, public income and barrowing of government to provide the general affair costs, social affair costs and economic affair costs could be defined by utility function subject to organizational and economical constraints. In addition, by this method the government income orientation and effective variable on government utility function are also measurable.In this paper, the structural function of government expenditure and the tax which had been obtained by constraint utility function maximization, has been estimated by weighted ordinary least square. Then, by take some assumption into consideration, the parameters of government utility function have been measured and to follow, the variable of the government utility function has been calculated.the results show that the orientation of tax income and other government incomes source are inclined to the current expenditures and the orientation of oil and gas incomes are toward the investment expenditures.Then, by use of marginal utility concept, this result has been obtained that investment expenditures in comparison with the current expenditures have more utility. Finally, if the tax incomes are allocated to current and investment expenditures, the social welfare will be increased. While, if the domestic barrowing is allocated to investment expenditures, social welfare will be increased.

This paper deals with drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite filled with carbon nanotube (CNT) using response surface method (RSM) based utility function. In the drilling of CFRP composites with a hybrid metal base, the additional advance force and pleat height reduce the performance of the composite. Therefore, to improve the performance of the hybrid metal matrix composite, the advancing force and the pleat height of the composite are minimized. Hence, the advancing force and pleat height are the factors considered in the present research and are the main responses that are minimized using the RSM-based utility function. Four important input factors such as drilling speed, feed rate, CNT percentage and drill helix angle are considered to analyze the performance of the drilling process. The results showed that the advance rate is a very influential parameter that affects the advance force and pleat height in hybrid metal matrix composites. During the drilling operation, due to the mutual rubbing of the CNT abrasive particles, it causes extensive surface damage such as holes, cracks, and fibers coming out. The ANOVA results show that the experimental data are well correlated at the 95% confidence interval, and this technique can be very useful and reliable for predicting drilling parameters of CFRP metal matrix composites.