کارایی نشان می دهد که سازمان چگونه از منابع خود در راستای تولید نسبت به بهترین عملکرد در مقطعی از زمان استفاده کرده است. یکی از مهم ترین شاخص های بررسی عملکرد شرکت ها کارایی است، پیش بینی کارایی شرکت های بورس اوراق بهادار و شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی شرکت ضرورتی است که در این پژوهش به آن پرداخته شد. به طوری که این تحقیق به بررسی نقش معیار های ریسک و نظام راهبری بر کارایی شرکت می پردازد .. در این راستا، برای اندازه گیری کارایی شرکت از روش تحلیل پوشش داده ها استفاده شده است. متغیرهای مستقل اولیه در این پژوهش شامل متغیرهای نظارتی نظام راهبری می باشد. یافته های تجربی مربوط به بررسی 154 شرکت پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در بازه ی زمانی 1390 تا 1397، نشان می دهد که متغیرهای نسبت مالکان نهادی، نسبت مدیران غیرموظف، ارتباط سیاسی شرکت و نسبت مالکیت مدیریتی و تمرکز مالکیت نسبت به سایر متغیرها قدرت بالاتری در تبیین کارایی شرکت با استفاده از روش فرهنگی دارند و همجنین از بین معیار های ریسک معیار ریسک مالی،ریسک نوسان قیمت سهام وریسک بحران مالی بر کارایی تاثیر دارد به علاوه، از نتایج دیگر پژوهش می توان به این موضوع اشاره کرد که در پیش بینی و ارائه الگو کارایی آتی شرکت می توان از روش لاسو با خطای ناچیز استفاده کرد.

Agriculture is a unique sector because of its dependence on climate and biological variables. Therefore, it is vital to identify and evaluate risks to be sure that decisions made on the farm will bring positive results in agriculture. Torbat Heydarieh is the most important center in saffron cultivation and production in the Khorasan Razavi province and Iran. This city is famous for its Saffron lands. It has the first rank in the world for producing Saffron. So, in this paper, we employed risk profile analysis to saffron risk management. By using previous literature, all of the risks of agricultural sector were identified and classified in nine categories. The information was collected from the university experts and Saffron union members. To design the risk profile, we used data from 67 saffron producers of Torbat Heydariyeh in 2016. To evaluate losses related to each risk component, two indices of frequency and severity of risk were calculated and based on that the risk matrix was created. The results showed that the greatest area of risk includes all of the risk of pests, diseases and weeds (Different types of weeds, Micro pests (Fungi and bacteria), Macro pests (Mice, ant, insect, grazing livestock)), economic risk (Brokers, market fluctuations, lack of liquidity of farmers), climate risk (drought, frost and freeze) and damage risk (Reduce yield due to farm life).

According to modern portfolio theory, investors can control idiosyncratic volatility via diversification of investing portfolio. Therefore, it is assumed that investors seek returns only because of systematic risk tolerance. In practice, however, it is observed that idiosyncratic volatility has a price, which is inconsistent with assumptions of modern portfolio theory. The relationship between idiosyncratic volatility and expected returns as well as the factors affecting the pricing of idiosyncratic volatility has been studied so far. In this study, it was attempted to examine how idiosyncratic volatility is priced in Iran’ s capital market by explaining arbitrage risk during the 2007-2017 period. For this purpose, one of the current trading restrictions in Iran’ s capital market as well as other common measurement variables and Fama and French’ s five-factor model were employed to estimate arbitrage risk and idiosyncratic volatility, respectively. This is the first study using Fama and French’ s five-factor model and arbitrage risk in order to price idiosyncratic volatility and asset, respectively. To answer the research question and test the hypothesis, portfolio analysis methods and Fama-MacBeth regression were employed. The results indicated that, while taking into account arbitrage risk, the relationship between idiosyncratic volatility and expected return is significant and negative.

The relationship between different risks in the banking industry is very important due to the nature of their operation and the effect of companies' risk of helplessness on credit risk of banks and the possibility of crisis in them is one of the most important topics considered by the banking industry during financial crises. Therefore, based on this argument, the present study investigates the contagiousness of companies 'financial distress risk on banks' credit risk. For this purpose, to measure the contagiousness model of financial distress risk, Akhtar and Dali (2017) theory of limit value was used. The hypotheses were tested using the statistical method of regression analysis with composite data using the information of 106 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 1393 to 1398. The findings of the research hypothesis indicate that the risk of financial helplessness of the Iranian banking system is transmitted in the form of credit risk.

One important factor that affects investment decisions is return of investment. On the other hand, risk factors measurement in the stock market is highly important to determine cost of capital and to assess investment. Therefore, exploring a perfect collection of the aspects that covers all financial positions of an entity provides investors main requirements and results in prosperity of the capital market. The research data was analyzed by multiple liner regression. Results showed that there is a significant relationship between risk premium and some risk factors (standard deviation of earning, positive earning, interest rate variability, debt value to market value, distress, B/P ratio) at the companies level. Also, research results at different industries level showed that in each industry risk premium was affected by some of these factors. Relationship between the explored indicators in this research and risk premium (except the expected earnings growth) was verified.