کنفرانس سالانه تحقیقات در مهندسی عمران، معماری، شهرسازی و محیط زیست پایدار
سال:1394 | دوره:2 |تعداد مقالات:14

DUE TO THE FACT THAT GROUND WATER RESOURCES ARE THE MAJOR SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER IN ZANJAN PROVINCE, AND THEREBY DETERMINATION OF THE BORDERS REGARDING THE WATER QUALITY, FOR MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY PROTECTION PURPOSES, IS OF VITAL IMPORTANT. HENCE A NUMBER OF MAPS OF THESE CRITICAL REGIONS HAVE BEEN PREPARED AND ISSUED. MORE OVER A STANDARD HAS BEEN DEFINED AND BASED ON THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO RECOGNIZE THE REGIONS WITH IN THE HIGH RISK OF POLLUTION. IN THESE PAPERS WITH THE HELP OF THE RESULTS ACHIEVED FROM THE UPDATED DAMAGEABILITY MAPS AND WITH RESPECT TO THE HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES AND AQUIFER CHARACTERISTIC AND THE PREVIOUS RECORDS OF THE POLLUTANT UNITS IN THE REGION BY WHAEM2000 (EPA) WITH UNIFORM FLOW METHOD, 20 YEAR OLD QUALITY BORDERS AND 50 DAY HYGIENIC BORDERS OF DRINKING WATER ARE SPECIFIED.

ONE OF THE DELAYS WHICH ENGINEERS ARE FACING IS RELATED TO STRENGTHENING PROJECTS. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE CAUSES OF DELAY IN STRENGTHENING PROJECTS AND EXAMINE THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE FACTORS OF TIME OVERRUN BY USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SOFTWARE (SPSS). TO ACHIEVE THIS OBJECTIVE, A LIST OF SUBJECTS REPRESENTING STRENGTHENING DELAYS BASED ON AVAILABLE INFORMATION IN THE LITERATURE AND INTERVIEW WITH STRENGTHENING EXPERTS WAS OBTAINED. A FIELD SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED THROUGH A STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE INCLUDING OWNERS, CONTRACTORS, UNIVERSITY’S PROFESSORS WHO HAVE A PHD DEGREE IN STRUCTURAL OR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING, CONSULTANT ENGINEERS, AND SUPERVISOR ENGINEERS IN MAZANDARAN AND TEHRAN. ABOUT 174 RESPONDENTS PARTICIPATED IN THE SURVEY. THE FACTORS WERE ANALYZED BY USING RELATIVE IMPORTANCE INDEX (RII). RANKING OF FACTORS AND CATEGORIES WAS DEMONSTRATED ACCORDING TO THEIR IMPORTANCE LEVEL ON DELAY. TEN MOST IMPORTANT CAUSES FROM A LIST OF 36 DIFFERENT CAUSES OF DELAY WERE: (1) DELAY IN FINANCE AND PAYMENTS OF COMPLETED WORK BY OWNER, (2) UNREALISTIC CONTRACT DURATION PLANNING, (3) SHORTAGE OF LABOR SKILL, (4) PERCEPTION OF STRENGTHENING METHODS DIFFER AMONGST STAKEHOLDERS, (5) INADEQUATE MODERN EQUIPMENT, (6) INEFFECTIVE PLANNING AND SCHEDULING OF PROJECT, (7) INADEQUATE CONTRACTOR EXPERIENCE, (8) COST OF STRENGTHENING, (9) CONTRACT PROBLEMS, AND (10) UNCLEAR STRENGTHENING STANDARDS CRITERIA. THE CORRELATION RESULTS SHOWED THAT GENERALLY THERE IS A RELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT CAUSES OF DELAY IN STRENGTHENING PROJECT.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, IS A TOOL TO ENSURE THE PROPER IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROJECT AND WE CAN CONSIDERED IT AS WAY TO DETERMINE, PREDICT AND INTERPRET THE IMPACTS OF A PROPOSED PROJECT ON THE COMMUNITY AND THE ENVIRONMENT. IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY OF PROJECTS, FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TASKS "INCREASE THE POSITIVE EFFECTS" AND "CONTROL AND REDUCE THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS" ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS OFFERED, ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENTS OF SUCCESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS IN DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS, IS PROVIDE THE ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS. IN THIS STUDY, FIRST WE INVESTIGATED THE OVERALL TREND OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND THE POSITION OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM OF PROJECTS WERE DETERMINED, THEN THEN, WITH THE HELP OF ENVIRONMENTAL EXPERTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM OF PROJECT AND USING FISH BOWL WAY, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAM PRESENTED FOR PROJECT. THE RESULTS PROVIDED IN THE FORM OF MONITORING PLAN IN TWO PHASES OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION PROJECT. THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF IT, IS AIR, SURFACE WATER, GROUNDWATER, SOIL, BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT. AND ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS, IN THE FORM OF PUBLIC EDUCATION, SEMISKILLED, AND PROFESSIONAL HAVE HIGH EFFICIENCY IN THE PROJECTS.

THE BIG PROBLEM CURRENT IN CITIES BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURE, URBAN EPIDEMIC OF LAWLESSNESS IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF URBAN DECLINE AND IMPAIR THE QUALITY OF A CITY’S IDENTITY. THE UNCHECKED SPREAD IN TODAY, LACK OF PROPER PLANNING IN THIS AREA HAS LED TO CROWDED SPACES HORSE URBAN TURMOIL THAT CAUSED CONGESTION IN URBAN OPEN SPACES AND LACK OF SOCIAL INTERACTION PROVIDES A TOTAL REDUCTION OF QUALITY OF LIFE IN URBAN AREAS.THE RESTORATION OF THE TOWN’S IDENTITY WILL ATTRACT TOURISTS. SMART, SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE IN THE TOWN OF TOURISM AND PROVIDING A MECHANISM FOR GRADING USING NEW TECHNOLOGIES, THE DIVISION PROVIDES A GROUP. WE HAVE OUR OWN CULTURE, THE USE OF REGIONAL CLIMATE FOCUS. WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE GLOBAL ARCHITECTURE AND NEW ACHIEVEMENTS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT TO OPTIMIZE THE USE OF EXISTING FACILITIES.IN ARCHITECTURE RENEWABLE, FOLLOWING THE USE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND MODERN MATERIALS IS TO BUILD FASTER AND HIGHER QUALITY; CONSTRUCTION METHOD, NATIVE METHODS, HEATING AND NATURAL VENTILATION, RECYCLED REUSE OF MATERIALS, UTILIZATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY AND THE USE OF HUMAN WASTE. THEREFORE, THE CONTINUED REDUCTION OF NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY CONSUMPTION, REDUCED DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT, ARE SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SOURCES (SUN, WIND, WATER, ETC.) TO MEET THE FUTURE NEEDS OF THE TOURIST SPOT OF THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF THE BUILDINGS AND ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS URBAN ENVIRONMENT WITHOUT THREAT AND NEEDS TO EXPRESS ITS CLIMATIC FEATURES .MANIFESTATION OF CULTURE AND TRADITION, WILL BE PROVIDED. WIND APPROPRIATE AND SUSTAINABLE SOLAR LIGHTING AND THE USE OF GEOMETRIC SHAPES AND URBAN FORM AND OF BUILDING A MECHANISM IS VARIABLE. APPROPRIATE AND SUSTAINABLE UTILIZATION OF SOLAR LIGHTING AND THE USE OF GEOMETRIC SHAPES AND APPROPRIATE URBAN FORM, BUILDINGS AND OF BUILDING A GOOD STRATEGY AND HAS BEEN ACCEPTED. THIS ARTICLE ATTEMPTS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE OBJECTIVES IN THE CREATION OF TOURIST COMPLEXES IN SMALL TOWN NORTH WEST IRAN SHOW USE OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD.

TODAY CLIMATE CHANGE HAS BECOME A PRIMARY CONCERN OF SCHOLARS IN THE NATURAL SCIENCES, PARTICULARLY CLIMATOLOGISTS AND THE ENVIRONMENTALISTS. IN THE FUTURE, IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION WILL BE AN ESSENTIAL TASK FOR DEALING WITH CLIMATE CHANGE EFFECTS FOR MOST OF THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES. IN THIS STUDY, 'THE PROPER USE OF WATER' EDUCATION IS CONSIDERED AS A FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION. THE STUDENTS ARE KEY PERSONS IN DEALING WITH THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON WATER RESOURCES SO THEY SHOULD BE EDUCATED AND TRAINED FOR ADAPTATION TO IT. IN ORDER TO ENABLE THE STUDENTS DEVELOP THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACIES, THE AUTHORS OF THE PAPER COLLABORATING WITH THE TEACHERS TO DEVELOP A PLAN FOR LEARNER-CENTERED ON INTEGRATED SUBJECTS’ MAP OF EDUCATION FOR THE WATER CONSUMPTION. THE PARTICIPANTS WERE 18 TEACHERS AND 254 STUDENTS FROM 4 PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN TEHRAN. AFTER RECEIVING THE OPINIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS, THE PRACTICAL MODEL WAS DESIGNED AND STUDY CONDUCTED IN THE FIVE STEPS. THIS PROJECT HAD BEEN ABLE TO PROMOTE RESPONSIBILITIES AS WELL AS CULTIVATE INTRINSIC ENVIRONMENTAL LITERACIES AMONG THE STUDENTS.

WITH INCREASING THE GROWTH OF POPULATION AND URBANIZATION THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING ZONING MAPS AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING MAPS BECOMES FURTHER CLEAR. DUE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION IN CITIES AND INADEQUATE ATTENTION TO GEOLOGICAL AND GEOTECHNICAL ISSUES, MANY TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING PROBLEMS WERE OCCURRED IN EVENTS SUCH AS EARTHQUAKES. THE FIRST STEP TO UNDERSTANDING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PHENOMENA IS COLLECTING DATA ABOUT THEM AND ON NEXT STEPS IT IS POSSIBLE TO EXPAND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THAT PHENOMENON BY DATA PROCESSING. IN THIS PAPER AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO ACHIEVE A CLEAR VISION AND COMPREHENSIVE UNDERSTANDING OF UNDERGROUND CONDITION OF MUNICIPAL DISTRICTS 4 AND 22 OF GREAT TEHRAN AND AN EFFORT WAS MADE TO DRAW PRACTICAL GEOTECHNICAL GEOLOGICAL MAPS OF THESE DISTRICTS. RESULTS INDICATE THAT SUBSURFACE SOILS OF DISTRICTS 4 AND 22 HAVE LOW LIQUID LIMIT (LL) AND PLASTIC LIMIT (PL) AND THEY ARE NON-SWELLING MATERIALS. WITH REGARDS TO THE COARSE-GRAINED SOIL OF THESE DISTRICTS THERE IS NO POSSIBILITY OF LIQUEFACTION IN THE EARTHQUAKE.

EARTH’S RESOURCES ARE RAPIDLY DEPLETING AND SEVERAL DIFFICULTIES ARE INCREASING EVERY MOMENT. ENVIRONMENTAL DECAY IS AFFECTING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT BY IMPOSING REAL LIMITS TO GROWTH AND DETERIORATING QUALITY OF LIFE. UNDOUBTEDLY, FUTURE GENERATIONS WILL SUFFER IF A SOLUTION IS NOT FOUND. ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IS A BALANCE BETWEEN DEVELOPMENT AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONSIDERS THE ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS. TO MAKE THIS BALANCE, ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES ARE USED FOR PROMOTING THE INTERACTION AMONG PLANNERS AND THE LOCAL COMMUNITY. ONE OF THE TOOLS THAT HELP MANAGERS AND PLANNERS TO FORMULATE THESE STRATEGIES IS THE USE OF A SWOT ANALYSIS. ALSO THE AHP MODEL IS COULD BE USED TO PRIORITIZE THE FACTORS OF STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING OPTIONS. IN THIS PAPER, STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREATS OF HAFTJOY REGION ARE IDENTIFIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES FOR SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ARE FORMULATED. FINALLY ALL OF THESE STRATEGIES ARE PRIORITIZED USING A COMBINATION OF SWOT ANALYSIS AND AHP.

GROINS ARE OFTEN USED IN RIVER ENGINEERING FOR NAVIGATION IMPROVEMENT OR BANK SUPPORT, AS WELL AS IN COASTAL ENGINEERING FOR BANK OR BEACH PROTECTION. GROINS ARE ‘HARD’ ENGINEERING STRUCTURES SPECIFICALLY DEPLOYED FOR SHORELINE PROTECTION AND/OR STABILIZATION. IN SOME SPECIFICALLY-DESIGNED CASES, THEY ARE EMPLOYED TO FACILITATE ENHANCEMENT OF NAVIGATION CHANNEL TIDAL FLOWS, IN ORDER TO PROMOTE SEDIMENT SCOURING. IN RECENT YEARS THERE IS GROWING INTEREST IN USING GROINS FOR STREAM CORRIDOR RESTORATION PROJECTS. THE EMBAYMENT REGION BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE GROINS ACTS AS A DEAD WATER ZONE WHERE THE LOCAL RESIDENCE TIME OF SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER IS MUCH LARGER UNDER CERTAIN CONDITION GROIN FIELDS CAN PROVIDE CONDITION NECESSARY FOR NATURAL GROWTH OF THE VEGETATION IN THE RIVER OR COAST. FIRST IN THE ARTICLE THE GROYNE IMPACT ON BEACH WAS INVESTIGATED, HOWEVER DESIGN CRITERIA IN TO OTHER COASTAL’S BOOKS HAS BEEN OBSERVED, THE SCOUR CRITERIA AT THIS STRUCTURE IS PAID LESS. AT THE END OF THE PAPER TO THE SCOUR RISK OF COAST PREDICTED.

THIS PAPER INVESTIGATES THE CORRELATION BETWEEN NEAR –FIELD SEISMIC PARAMETERS AND DAMAGE INDEX IN CONCRETE BUILDINGS AND THEN COMPARES OBTAINED RESULTS WITH THOSE OBSERVED IN RELATED TO FAR – FIELD SEISMIC PARAMETERS. THE EXCITATIONS SUCH AS PGA, PGV, PGD, ARIAS INTENSITY AND SED ARE EXTRACTED FROM NEAR AND FAR FIELD SEISMIC RECORDS FOR CHARACTERIZING THE SEISMIC EXCITATION. ON THE OTHER SIDE, STRUCTURAL DAMAGE INDEX IS EXPRESSED BY THE MODIFIED PARK /ANG OVERALL STRUCTURAL DAMAGE INDEX (OSDI). AFTER THE EVALUATION OF SEISMIC PARAMETERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ON THE THREE CONCRETE FRAMES REINFORCED BY SHEAR WALL AND THREE MOMENT RESISTING FRAMES (MRF) ARE CARRIED OUT TO OBSERVE RESPONSE PARAMETERS. THE DEGREE OF THE INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MENTIONED SEISMIC PARAMETERS AND STRUCTURAL DAMAGES ARE DETERMINED BY CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS. FINALLY AS A RESULT WITH OBSERVING THESE COEFFICIENTS, THOSE PARAMETERS PLAY SIGNIFICANT ROLE TO PREDICT STRUCTURAL DAMAGES, ARE KNOWN. IN RELATED TO NEAR-FIELD RECORDS, RESULTS INDICATE THERE IS HIGH CORRELATION BETWEEN PGV AND SED AND DAMAGE INDEX. ALSO IT IS REVEALED THAT DEGREE OF CORRELATION IS INCREASED WITH INCREASEMENT OF HEIGHT AND PERIOD OF STRUCTURE. FINDINGS SHOW THAT ABOUT TALL CONCRETE BUILDINGS WHICH ARE SUBJECTED NEAR-FIELD GROUND MOTIONS, PGV AND SED ESPECIALLY PGV CAN BE USED AS PARAMETERS TO PREDICT STRUCTURAL DAMAGES.

THE PRACTICE OF RIVER RESTORATION HAS GROWN EXPONENTIALLY OVER THE LAST SEVERAL DECADES. THERE HAS BEEN LITTLE EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF WHETHER RESTORATION PROJECTS INDIVIDUALLY OR CUMULATIVELY ACHIEVE THE LEGALLY MANDATED GOALS OF IMPROVING THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF RIVERS. NUTRIENT REDUCTION THROUGH SIMPLE METHODS IS THE MOST CRITICAL FACTOR. THE SIMPLEST METHOD, WHICH HAS MINIMAL FINANCIAL BURDEN AS WELL AS PREVENTING, AND REDUCING THE ENTRANCE OF POLLUTANTS INTO THE CHALUS RIVER (MAZANDARAN, IN NORTH OF IRAN), HAS BEEN SELECTED. THE ORIGINS OF MOST RIVERS IN IRAN START AT A HIGH POINT AND MOVE WITH A STEEP. DUE TO LOW SPEED AND HIGH POLLUTION, RIVERS THAT ARRIVE AT CITIES OR PLAIN AREAS USUALLY FACE PROBLEMS. DUE TO THIS, COMPARED WITH THE RIVERS IN OTHER PARTS OF WORLD, THE RIVERS IN IRAN CARRY MORE SEDIMENT, SHOWING A HIGH RATE OF EROSION AND INAPPROPRIATE SITUATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES SUCH AS DEFORESTATION AND EXPLOITATION. AS A RESULT, A VARIETY OF TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN COMPILED AND SUMMARIZED, SUCH AS RIPARIAN, WETLAND, FLOATING ISLAND, ETC. THEREFORE, THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE A COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW OF THE TECHNIQUES SO AS TO SELECT THE BEST METHOD FOR THE CHALUS RIVER.

SYSTEMATIC CITIES SHOULD BE CREATED BY THE HUMAN MIND CRAVE ORDER. TODAY IN ORGANIZING MODERN CITIES, THE ORDER BASED ON SOCIAL LIFE, AS FLEXIBLE AND COMPATIBLE WITH THE CONCEPT OF COLLECTIVE LIFE CAN BE FOUNDATION OF THE CITIES. IN SUCH ORDER, STRUCTURE OF THE CITY BASED CONSISTENTLY ON THE COLLECTIVE SPACES. AN URBAN SPACES CAN BE APPROPRIATE TO THE NEEDS OF THE TIME AND PLACE OF THE POPULATION. AN URBAN CAN TAKES FAVORABLE OR UNFAVORABLE CHARACTERS, APPROPRIATE TO THE NEEDS OF THE TIME AND PLACE OF THE POPULATION. TO MAKE A CITY TO SPECIFY ITSELF IN A SPACE AND HAS THE ABILITY TO BE SHOWN, IT SHOULD COMBINE SYMPTOM SYSTEM WITH OTHER FORM OF THE SYSTEMS, ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM. EVEN THIS MATTER LEADS CITIES NOT TO FULFILL THE NEEDS OF THE HUMAN SOCIETY. AMONG ALL THESE, THE PUBLIC SPACES IN CITIES, HELPS HUMANITY, AND MAKE REACHABLE PART OF THE HUMAN SOCIETY NEEDS.IN THIS PROJECT, WITH THE EMPHASIS ON THE SOCIAL ASPECT OF HUMANITY AND NEEDS OF SPACE, THE PROMOTION OF THE QUALITY OF THE URBAN SPACES, THEY TRY IDENTIFY AND ALSO CLARIFY EFFECTIVE FACTORS ON VITALITY AND THE IMPACT OF SOCIABILITY OF PUBLIC SPACES, SPECIALLY PARKS OF THE CITIES.SPACE USERS HAVE BEEN EXPERIMENTED BY QUESTIONNAIRE TO FIND OUT THE BEST AND EFFECTIVE WAYS OF ORGANIZING AND IMPROVING THESE SPACES TO LIVELY AND EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT. THE IDEAS OF USERS ARE ASSISTANCE IN PROMOTION OF MARDOM HAMEDAN'S PARK.

THERE IS BROAD CONSENSUS AMONG SCIENTISTS THAT URBAN CLIMATE HAS EFFECTIVE IMPACTS ON THE INDIGENOUS AND WORLD CLIMATE WHICH IS SUBJECTED TO SEVERAL PARAMETERS SUCH AS URBAN MORPHOLOGY, MASS DENSITY, URBAN TRANSPORTATION, AND THE PROPERTIES OF PLANTS AND URBAN GEOMETRY; OF WHICH INAPPROPRIATE APPLICATION CAN CAUSE SIGNIFICANT CHANGES TO CREATE A SPECIAL MICROCLIMATE OF URBAN ZONES. THEREFORE, TO CREATE THIS, AS A MAIN GOLD OF SUSTAINABILITY, CONCENTRATING ON STREETS AS A MAIN PART OF URBAN GEOMETRY IS ESSENTIAL AS THE ORIENTATION AND STREET DESIGN HAVE A SIGNIFICANT ROLES IN TERM OF SOLAR IRRADIATION ABSORPTION BY SURFACE. THIS STUDY DELIBERATES THE RECENT WORKS AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SPECIAL EFFECTS OF STREET GEOMETRY AND DESIGN ON THE URBAN MICROCLIMATE WITH EMPHASIZING THE EFFECTS OF STREETS GEOMETRY AND ORIENTATION ON AIRFLOW AND SOLAR ACCESS IN AN URBAN CANYON. THESE INVESTIGATIONS HAVE SHOWN THAT SPECIFIC DESIGN OF STREET’S GEOMETRY AND ORIENTATION ARE VERY NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE A DESIRABLE URBAN MICROCLIMATE IN AN URBAN CANYON WITH A VIEW TO SUSTAINABILITY.

THE BUILDINGS ARE THE LARGEST CONSUMERS OF ENERGY IN ALL COUNTRIES. ESPECIALLY IN AREAS WITH BAD AIR AND WATER CONDITIONS, THE MAIN PART OF THE ENERGY GO TO THE HEATING AND COOLING OF BUILDINGS. ALTHOUGH THERE ARE MANY WAYS IN REDUCING THE HEAT LOAD ON BUILDINGS THERE. THE MOST IMPORTANT OF THEM THE DETAILED DESIGN AND CHOOSE THE APPROPRIATE COVER AND CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS. IN THIS STUDY, WITH A 71.5 M2 AREA MODELING LOCATED IN IRAN, SARI TOWN, IN THE SOFTWARE CARRIER HAP 4.5. MAXIMUM THERMAL EFFICIENCY RADIANT ENERGY OF THE SUN FOR 12 MONTHS A YEAR IN A SIXTEEN-DIVISION-DIRECTIONAL, CAN BE CALCULATED. OPERATING ON THE BASIS OF THE LOWEST RATE OF SOLAR ENERGY IN THE HOT MONTHS, AND THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT IN THE COLD MONTHS, BUILDING FACADES STRETCH, IN THE DIRECTION OF THE SOUTH WITHOUT ANY DEVIATION TO THE EAST OR WEST, IT IS RECOMMENDED. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE AMOUNT OF HEAT TRANSFER MATERIALS, WALLS, AND THE INCOMING RADIANT ENERGY INTO SPACE THROUGH WINDOWS IS CALCULATED. ACCORDING TO THE RATIO OF THE RADIANT ENERGY INPUT RATE OF WINDOWS, HEAT TRANSFER RATE OF THE WALLS AND MATERIALS, AND CONSIDERING THIS IMPORTANT FACTOR, WHICH IS NOT MANAGEABLE AFTER THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE WALL, BUT AFTER THE WINDOWS CONSTRUCTION, AS WELL AS THE ABILITY TO CONTROL THEIR PERFORMANCE, THE WINDOW CAN BE USED AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN CONTROLLING THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND COMFORT IN THE BUILDING.

DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND EXPANSION OF COMMUNICATION NETWORKS HAVE OVERHAULED MANY TRADITIONAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN LIFE. SHOPPING IS A TRADITIONAL URBAN PRACTICE THAT PLAYS A CENTRAL ROLE NOT ONLY IN ECONOMICS BUT ALSO IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSPORTATION. SOME MAY ARGUE THAT HOME DELIVERY SERVICES PROVIDED BY ONLINE SHOPPING (E-SHOPPING) SYSTEMS REDUCE THE NUMBER OF SHOPPING TRIPS TO RETAILERS, BUT ONLINE SHOPPING MAY LEAD TO GENERATION OF ADDITIONAL TRIPS MADE BY THOSE BUYERS WHO FIRST SEARCH, SELECT, OR EVEN BUY A PRODUCT ONLINE AND THEN TRAVEL TO AN ACTUAL VENDOR TO EXAMINE, TEST, OR COMPARE IT. THEREFORE, ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF COMPLEX RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THESE TWO METHODS OF PURCHASE CAN YIELD VALUABLE DATA FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNERS. SOME RESEARCHERS HAVE REPORTED A NEGATIVE CORRELATION BETWEEN ONLINE BUYING AND THE NUMBER OF SHOPPING TRIPS, AND YET OTHERS HAVE REPORTED THE EXACT OPPOSITE. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO ASSESS THIS RELATIONSHIP FOR TEHRAN RESIDENTS, TO PROVIDE A PATH FOR ADOPTION OF NEW POLICIES GEARED TO REDUCE CONGESTION AND TRAFFIC. TO PURSUE THIS OBJECTIVE, 435 QUESTIONNAIRES WERE DISTRIBUTED AND FILLED BY TEHRAN RESIDENTS AND THE OBTAINED RAW DATA WAS ANALYZED BY SPSS23 SOFTWARE; THE RESULTS WERE THEN PROCESSED BY AMOS 23 SOFTWARE TO DEVELOP A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL. THE FINAL RESULTS SHOWED THAT ONLINE SEARCHING HAS A POSITIVE IMPACT ON BOTH ONLINE SHOPPING AND TRADITIONAL SHOPPING, BUT THEY ALSO SHOWED THAT E-SHOPPING HAS IN FACT A POSITIVE IMPACT ON TRADITIONAL SHOPPING. THE RESULTS OBTAINED IN THIS STUDY POINT TOWARD THE PRESENCE OF A COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN E-SHOPPING AND IN-STORE SHOPPING, WHICH MEANS THAT PEOPLE WHO USE INTERNET TO PURCHASE PRODUCTS ARE ALSO COMMITTED TO TRADITIONAL METHODS OF SHOPPING.