MEDICAL SCIENCES JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY
Year:2005 | Volume:15 | Issue:1|Papers Count:9

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common surgical complication occurring in 30-92% of all surgical procedures. Nausea and vomiting may cause water or electrolyte disturbances, dehiscence, increased intracranial pressure or aspiration pneumonitis. The present study was conducted to determine the role of haloperidol in managing postoperative nausea and vomiting.Materials and methods: It was a randomized double blinded clinical trial. Of patients referring for elective gynecologic operation to Javaheri hospital, 50 were selected randomly. All underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia. Patients were assigned in two groups of experiment (received 0.5cc of haloperidol 5mg) and control (received 0.5cc normal saline).Results: There was no significant difference regarding the BMI, age, underlying disease, type of surgery, and duration of anesthesia between groups. All control subjects experienced nausea, of whom, 88% had vomiting. 27% of these subjects had 4 or more episodes of vomiting. Among controls, 96% received treatment interventions. Among experiment subjects, 24% experienced nausea and 16% had vomiting. Treatment was indicated in only one patient. 52% of experiment group discharged after 48 hours, whereas, among controls 60% stayed for 72 hours and 8% for 96 hours.Conclusion: Haloperidol prior to anesthesia induction may reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting, postponed its occurrence, reduce episodes of vomiting and indications for medical interventions.

Background: Gastric cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and a major cause of death from cancers. Unfortunately, there are few studies regarding the profile of gastric cancer in Iran, thus, the present study evaluate related indicators of gastric cancer in Tehran and other 7 provinces in Iran during a two-year period, 1999-2000.Materials and methods: In this descriptive study, we gathered 943 pathological samples of gastric cancer patients from all the pathology clinics in these centers. This was achieved by means of an expert team comprising a physician and a nurse.Results: Our results indicated that gastric cancer was reported more frequently in Tehran (58.5%) but less commonly in Systan-Balouchestan (1.3%). 688 patients were men (%73) and 255 (%27) were women. Of diagnosed cases, 83.9% had diffuse carcinoma.Conclusion: These findings revealed that gastric cancer is more common in men (Male/Female: 2.7) than women that is in agreement with other published studies. Tumors are more commonly located in mid third of stomach. Meanwhile, most of the affected patients had diffuse carcinoma.

Background: Reconstruction of nasal dorsum following excisional rhinoplasty has been a challenging problem. The nasal dorsum has special characteristics that could not be easily restored by lateral osteotomies. The present article introduces a new surgical technique for reconstruction of nasal dorsum after excisional rhinoplasty; named underlay grafting for reconstruction of nasal dorsum.Materials and methods: Fifteen patients underwent the new surgical technique and followed for 18 months.Results: The new surgical technique could effectively restore the natural characteristics of nasal dorsum. None of the patients showed any evidence of postoperative decreased competency of internal valves.Conclusions: The new surgical technique seems to be reliable to reconstruct the nasal dorsum following excision of a large hump.

Background: More than 9,000 renal patients are under hemodialysis treatment in Iran, indicating the importance of issues relating to mental health and quality of life in these patients. Sleep disorder is quite common among patients with chronic renal failure, and the restless legs syndrome is one of the most common sleep problems in these patients group. This study aims at measuring the commonality of sleep disorder caused by the restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients.Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study. The study population consisted of 514 hemodialysis patients who met our inclusion criteria. A questionnaire was used for data collection.Results: Totally, 99.4% of the studied subjects had sleep disorder, of whom, 61.5% suffered from concomitant restless legs syndrome.Conclusion: Sleep disorder is common among hemodialysis patients and may be aggravated by the restless legs syndrome.

Background: Spontaneous abortion is the most common pregnancy-related complication. Paternal-induced immunization has been postulated as a treatment modality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of this technique in patients with recurrent miscarriage.Materials and methods: During this historical cohort study, medical records of 549 patients underwent leukocyte immunization in Sarem Infertility Center due to recurrent miscarriage were studied. WBC crossmatch was performed two weeks following the last injection in order to quantify anti-paternal cytotoxic anti body (APCA). Initial data were gathered using a questionnaire.Results: WBC crossmatch was positive in 93 patients (16.9%). Among these patients, 60 (64.5%) had documented pregnancy by b-HCG and 49 (81.7%) had clinical success (gestational age more than 28 weeks). Logistic regression has revealed that number of children had the most powerful significant correlation with positive WBC crossmatch. Meanwhile, consanguinity was inversely associated with WBC crossmatch positive results.Conclusion: Immunization-induced anti-paternal cytotoxic antibody production is associated with better pregnancy outcome. Our response rate was in agreement with prior studies, however, further researches are strongly suggested.

Background: Perinatal mortality rate is an important health index of a society. Recognizing effective factors influencing perinatal mortality rate and promoting maternal knowledge about the importance of prenatal care during pregnancy could significantly reduce the perinatal mortality rate. This study was performed to determine the frequency and causes of perinatal mortality at Javaheri hospital during a 7-year period, 1996-2003.Materials and methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 85 cases of fetal or neonatal mortality from 20 weeks of gestation to 7 days after births, during a 7- year period. Data analysis was achieved by SPSS software.Results: The most common causes of perinatal mortality were congenital anomalies, severe prematurity and asphyxia. 53% were IUFD and 47% died after birth, mostly during 24 hours after delivery. Totally, 86% of perinatal mortalities were due to prematurity. The most common causes of death in IUFD were congenital anomalies and asphyxia, however, after birth, severe prematurity, RDS and congenital anomalies were the most common causes of death.Conclusion: Preventing premature delivery and LBW infants are the most effective preventive strategies to reduce perinatal mortality rate. Meanwhile, sufficient prenatal care, identifying and following up the high risk pregnancies and presence of neonatal intensive care units could be effective in decreasing perinatal mortality rate.

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal effect of the health education program on improving health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Materials and methods: Seventy patients were randomly selected for the study before operation, and assigned equally in 2 groups of experiment and control. Finally, seven patients were excluded and the study was carried out on 63 patients. The demographic information and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) questionnaire were completed prior to surgery. Patients in the experimental group received the educational intervention. Educational intervention was according to Mico"s education planning model. For second phase of Mico"s model, knowledge, attitude and performance were measured. These patients were followed up to 1-month and one-year after educational intervention. SPSS software was used for data analysis.Results: Significant improvements in quality of life were identified between two groups in energy, sleep and social isolation domains when compared between three time intervals. Conclusion: Results have revealed that health education has longitudinal effect on improving the quality of life in patients with CABG.

Background: Cataract is a visual disease of old population caused by lens opacity and associated with major social, psychologial and economic problems. Surgical treatment is achieved by replacement of the lens with an artificial one. Patients selected for cataract surgery may have co-existing diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and ischemic heart disease that entail risk for general anesthesia. On the other hand, local anesthesia may be hazardous due to patient"s movement, coughing and tremor. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of local anesthesia with sedation and monitoring.Materials and methods: The study population included 40 males and 20 females attending for cataract surgery. All patients were operated by local anesthesia with sedation and monitoring.Results: All patients underwent successful operation under local anesthesia with sedation and monitoring. There was no anesthetic drug side effect Tachycardia was the most common complication, observed in 13.3% of patients.Conclusion: Patients who are at risk for general anesthesia could be safely operated by local anesthesia with sedation and monitoring.