IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY (IJP)
Year:2010 | Volume:5 | Issue:4|Papers Count:10

Background and Objectives: Uterine smooth muscle tumors are the most common human neoplasm. They are divided clinically as benign and malignant but there is another group of lesions which is difficult to place in these two categories, so-called smooth muscle tumors of uncertain malignant potential (STUMP) and differentiation of these tumors on the basis of H&E staining is impossible. The goal of this study was finding of distinguishing objective biomarkers and a survey of proliferation markers comparing these three groups of tumors.Materials & Methods: Twenty one cases in each group of above mentioned tumors were selected randomly (63 cases in total ) from Pathobiology laboratories and studied by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for Ki-67 expression and special Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizing Regions (AgNOR) staining method.Results: Ki-67 was expressed in 63.15% of leiomyosarcomas (LMS), 4.76% of STUMPs and 0% of leiomyoma group. Ki-67 expression between LMS and STUMP, and also between LMS and leiomyoma were significantly different (P<0.0001). Mean AgNOR dots were 2.55±0.03 , 2.55, 0.66,4.04, and 8.12±0.13 in leiomyoma, STUMP and leiomyosarcoma,respectively. Significant differences between the three groups were observed (P<0.0001).Conclusion: AgNOR and Ki-67(MIB1) proliferation markers expression between LMS and STUMP were significantly different. Due to difficulty in differentiation LMS from STUMP, finding objective biomarkers is useful and practical. For this purpose, the present study recommend, Ki-67 and AgNOR staining which is a reliable, simple and rapid method.

Background and Objective: Prostate cancer is a prevalent disease around the world. The prostatic specific Antigen (PSA) test has recently proved itself as a useful method for the diagnosis and examination of patients with prostatic cancer. The objective of this study was to compare the stability of free PSA and total PSA in different storage settings.Materials and Methods: Samples were obtained from 12 men, within the range of 50-70 yr old, who referred to Hazrat-e-Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. The sera were separated via centrifuge and stored at room temperature (21-24°C) for 3, 6, and 9 hours; at 4°C for 24, 48, and 72 hours; and at -20°C for 1, 2, and 3 months. Finally, the stability of PSA was compared to that of the control group. The data were analyzed using the statistical software SPSS and paired t-test and repeated measure.Results: In comparison with the average of the control samples, after 3 hours of storage at room temperature, the free PSA concentration had a 30% drop; and after 72 hours of storage in the refrigerator, the average of free PSA had a 34% fall. In addition, the average of the free PSA concentration kept in the freezer for 3 months exhibited an 11% drop. However, the average of total PSA kept in the refrigerator for 72 hours dropped by 6.9%. Finally, over 2 months of storage in the freezer, the average of the total PSA concentration exhibited a decrease of 10.6%. Conclusion: Free PSA, when compared to total PSA in terms of time and storage temperature, shows less stability.

Background and Objectives: Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) is a common ocular problem. Clinical presentation can range from simple tearing to a life-threatening condition. The exact pathophysiology of obstruction is not completely understood. In this study, the relationship between PANDO and nasal mucosal goblet cells was investigated. Materials & Methods: In this case-control study, 15 subsequent patients with PANDO were enrolled. Patients were operated with endoscopic dacryocyctorhinostomy. A small piece of nasal mucosal biopsy sample was obtained from inferior turbinate. The samples were prepared and stained for mucin. Goblet cells were counted in the specimens. The results were compared with the nasal mucosa of 15 normal persons who were underwent rhinoplasty surgery as control group. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16 software and were assessed using t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test.Results: In patients group, 13 cases (86.7%) were female and 2 cases (13.3%) were male. The mean age was 42.4±14.3 years (range, 23-68 years). In control group, 9 persons (60%) were female and 6 persons (40%) were male. The mean age was 35.5±12.1 (range, 19-58 years) (P>0.05). All patients had epiphora, and 66.7% of patients had purulent discharge. Duration of symptoms ranged from 1 year to 12 years. The number of goblet cells of the nasal mucosa in patient group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.001). Inflammation was not related to goblet cell numbers Conclusion: According to findings of this study, goblet cells have important role in inflammatory process and perhaps obstruction in nasolacrimal duct.

Background and Objectives: There is a profound inclination among people toward consumption of herbs and herbal products. Some of these products are harmful while health-promoting potentials of some others should be discovered. In the present study the antibacterial, antioxidant, acute and subchronic and cancer cell toxicity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Rosa damascena Mill. Was studied.Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial activities were determined by agar disc diffusion method. Total phenol content was estimated. Antioxidative properties of the extracts were determined by bleaching of beta carotene or 2,20-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) was expressed as gallic acid equivalents or known Fe (II) concentration for rose extracts and blood sera respectively. Acute and subchronic toxicity and cytotoxicity of the extracts were tested using animal model or Hela cells. Hematology and clinical chemistry parameters were noted.Results: Staphylococcus aureus was found susceptible. The total phenol contents of the methanolic and aqueous extracts were 132.67±3.51 and 117.33±6.81mg Gallic acid equivalent/mg sample, respectively. Antioxidative effects were higher than those of the synthetic antioxidants were. A dose dependent levels of FRAP was noted in blood sera of rats gavaged with the extracts. Decrease in cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios, fasting glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid is suggestive of promising therapeutic potentials of the extract. Inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) of 4.5 mg/ml was determined for cytotoxicity of the extract against Hela cell line. Conclusion: The results suggest application of rose extract as a natural antioxidant and healthpromoting agent.

Background and Objectives: A. baumannii is a cause of various infections with significant morbidity and mortality in the world. The aim of this study was to determine infection rate and antimicrobial susceptibility of A. baumannii in an Iranian tertiary care Hospital.Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 166 positive blood cultures for A. baumannii, received from different wards of Imam Hospitals complex in Tehran, during two years. Disk diffusion method was used to survey several antibiotics resistance. Data were analyzed by spss software, chi square test.Results: A. baumannii was resistant to imipenem (26.9%), gentamicine (32.2%), carbenicillin (36.4%), cephotaxime (41.7%), ampicillin (66.7%), amikacine (69.4%), ciprofloxacin (74.3%), cotrimoxazol (86.3%),piperacillin (91%), Ceftriaxone (92.5%), cefixime (99.2%), amoxiclave (100%), cefepime(100%), ceftazidime (100%). ICUs (50.6%) and Pediatrics Wards (2.4%) were the most and the least frequent wards in which A. baumannii were isolated.Conclusions: Due to antibiotic resistance pattern change among A. baumannii and its consequences, it is recommended to control infection associated risk factors as well as further researches aiming identification of different of patterns in resistance and sensitivity to antibiotic. 

Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori cause a chronic gastric infection, and may cause extra gastrointestinal disease. The association between H. pylori infection and serum lipid profiles is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate any possible relationship between H. pylori infection and lipid levels.Materials and Methods: The subjects were 400 volunteer referring to medical centers of Kashan, Iran between December 2005 and March 2006. Helicobacter pylori infection status was determined by assaying serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G antibody. Total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations were measured by routine enzymatic methods. The data for H. pyloriseropositive and –seronegative individuals were compared.Results: Three hundred nineteen subjects (79.8 percent) were H. pylori-seropositive. The serum triglyceride concentration and total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly higher in H. pylori-seropositive than H. pylori–seronegative individuals (162.03 vs. 143.88 mg/dl, P<0.05 and 4.27 versus 3.91, P<0.05 respectively).Conclusion: The findings confirm the existence of a moderate association between H. pylori infection and lipid modulation. It is also possible that H. pylori infection promotes atherosclerosis by acting through changes in lipid profile.

While carcinoma of breast is common condition, stromal sarcomas are rare tumors of breast, amongst which fibrosarcoma accounts for 16% of cases. Only a few case reports are available in the international literature. We report a case of fibrosarcoma of breast, which presented as an unencapsulated mass in the right breast of a 60-year-old female. This case was diagnosed after exclusion of all possible differential diagnoses namely metaplastic carcinoma, cystosarcoma phylloides and other sarcomas of breast owing to its different histogenesis and prognostic behavior, in the light of detailed histopathological examination and immunohistochemical profile.

HIV-related Immunosuppression significantly increases the risk of acquiring opportunistic infections. This report describes a 69-year-old man, referred to hospital with decreased consciousness and productive cough. This man was a known case of human immunodeficiency virus positive. The sputum of this patient was positive for Salmonella typhimurium. Pulmonary auscultation signaled brief and scattered crackles especially in the lung bases. Lung graphy showed bronchopulmonary infiltration. Diagnosed with pneumonia due to Salmonella, the patient underwent treatment but he succumbed after 48 hours in septic shock. This case report demonstrates the importance of including general medical causes of immunosuppression and their treatment in the differential diagnosis and aetio-pathogenesis of HIV-infected patients with unusual clinical presentations.

Spontaneous infarction is an uncommon complication of fibroadenoma of the breast. Although infarction following fine needle aspiration (FNA) has been reported in the literature, infarction encountering on first time aspiration is very rare. Lack of knowledge of this entity may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of inflammatory lesion like mastitis and carcinoma on cytology smears. We report the cytological and histological findings in partial spontaneous infarction of fibroadenoma in an 18-year-old female and literature reviewed. In young patients with breast lumps, if the aspirated material is necrotic, the probable diagnosis of spontaneous infarction should always be kept in mind. Viable fibroadenomatous tissue should be searched for in the FNA smears.

Dear Editor-in-Chief: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), previously referred to as acute renal failure, has reached epidemic proportions worldwide, affecting about 7% of hospitalised patients (1). In the critical care setting, the prevalence of AKI requiring dialysis is about 6%, with a mortality rate exceeding 60% (1, 2). A significant increase in morbidity and mortality associated with AKI has been demonstrated in a wide variety of clinical situations, including exposure to radiocontrast dye, cardiopulmonary bypass, mechanical ventilation and sepsis (2). The early diagnosis of AKI currently depends on detection of reduced kidney function by the rise in serum creatinine concentration, which a delayed and unreliable measure in the acute is setting (2). In general, there are several non-renal factors influencing the serum creatinine concentration such as body weight, muscle mass, race, age, gender, total body volume, drugs, muscle metabolism and protein intake….