Journal of Geography and Regional Development
Year:2006 | Volume:- | Issue:6|Papers Count:13

The writer of this article has studied and analyzed the country’s provinces. Particularly the province of Ilam, from the point of view of Human Development. The methodology used in this analysis, is a combination of case study and descriptive methods. The results show that Tehran, Isfahan, Qazvin, Gilan and Fars provinces stand higher from other province, because of better incomes, better education and better life conditions. On the other hand, Sistan and Baluchestan, Khorasan, Ardabil, Kohkilouye and Boyerahmad provinces, because of low income level, low level of investment and low life conditions stand in the lower parts of index of Human development.

During the last decades, we have had an increase in population and the uncontrolled immigration of rural population to the cities. All these resulted in the establishing of infrastructures in the arid and semiarid areas. However, in the physical development of urban areas, little attention was paid to the natural infrastructures, Hydrologic and climatic conditions. Most of the urban areas are located in the arid and semiarid areas, over the aquiferous field, regardless of the dangers causing from all these. This is one of the most important problems of the arid and semiarid areas. And Birjand as one of the most important and the greatest urban areas in southern Khorasan needs to be protected from the natural dangers such as floods.

Most of the rivers which originate from Zagros Mountains are considered as the permanent rivers of the country. This permanence has caused the growth of some river basins during the Fourth Period being considered as normal and natural (oberlander, 1965). Something which should be remembered about the domestic base surfaces in the Middle Zagros is the ever present changes which have happened in the Quaternary Period. Most of the domestic base surfaces in this area have embedded hydrologic changes in the form of river-terraces during the Fourth period (Eivazi, 1997). Considering the level changes in the domestic rivers of the country as an evidence of climatic changes of the Fourth Period, lack of those evidences in Task river which is the base surface of Kour river, should be considered as unnatural.  

The writer of the present paper, studies the geopolitical changes in central Asia and Cacasia and situation of Iran in these changes. The paper also explains that who plays the most influential role in these changes. The writer then divides the role-players in to three groups and discusses them and their relationships. The first group consists Iran and Russia that have traditionally had the most important role in the area. The second group consists the newly independent countries in the area, and the third group consists the foreign countries in which their viewpoints about the area are very influential. 

The exact estimation of the amount of water consumed by a plant through the calculation of evaporation and perspiration is a method of improving agricultural water management. Most of the calculations of evaporation and perspiration are done according to the data collected from the reference stations, but aerological data are mostly taken from non reference stations. To consult these kinds of data for the calculation of evaporation and perspiration in development planning, may cause great mistakes. To overcome these mistakes, data should be corrected. In this research the effect of temperature data correction is investigated and the effect of correction is compared with the results from weighting lysimeter. Temperature correction did not affect the Hargreavs-Samani method, but Fao 24, priestly-tylore and Jensen- Haisepass were the most appropriate methods for the calculations of evaporation and perspiration.

The form of a city (compactness or sprawl) and suburbanization or re-urbanization, are the most important and critical matters of the twenty- first century for urban- planning researchers. It is in fact a transition from auto city to future city and the renewal of urbanization. Energy crisis and environmental pollution in auto cities have caused a change in the view point, planning and decision making of urban policies. Researchers are all of the view that the compact form is the most accepted form for a city because of its positive outcomes (This form of a city, reduces the length of urban trips and fuel). This article is a comparative study of compactness/ sprawl ratio of Sydney, Australia, having 42 urban zones and Mashad with its 12 urban zones.

Car crashes is one of the most important problems in transportation system in Iran. Four factors are involved in these collisions, human factor, motor vehicles, roads and environmental factors. Considering the environmental factors, climatic condition is the most important one. The writer of this paper has studied the climatic conditions and their effects on Sanandaj-Hamedan road car crashes. He has finally concluded that the coldest months of the year are the most dangerous months for driving in this region and the effects of this have been analyzed.

In the urban history of Iran, “Mashroote” era (The constitutional Revolution) is considered as a turning point. In this period, the government had an organized and purposeful interference in the urban development of the country. Another organized interference of the government, happened in 1960s. The effects of these movements were very significant in the growth of urban patterns and in the urban network of the country, and from that time onward it changed all the traditional urban rules and regulations. This article, studies the administrative-political pattern. One of the patterns which have had a very significant role in creating these changes.

Distribution of population depends on the distribution of goods and services. The distribution of population is very important not only for its effects on different aspects of population but also because of its relations with the general features of area. Programmers can control the distribution of the population if they control the distribution of goods and services. The purpose of the present article is to study these distributions and presenting ways for the control of these distributions for the betterment and the better use of potentials. The necessary materials and documents for this research are all taken from the libraries, and these documents are the ones which are published by Iranian statistical center.

Geographical situation of Gilan province, its weather and suitable conditions for agriculture, plus its neighboring with Russia, have prepared the way for cultural, political and economical relations and interchanges between Iran and Russia. Being called “the gate of Europe”, the province also receives many tourists from many countries, especially Russia. Many of these tourists have recorded details of their travels in their itineraries which are now considered as a serious source in historical, political and cultural studies. 

In a city’s development programs, paying enough attention to physical development is of great importance, and all this, signifies the betterment of cultural and sociological aspects of the city. The fast physical growth of the cities in Iran is one of the most important factors in city development in the country. This fast growth of the cities because of much immigration from the villages has turned to be one of the major problems of the city system in the country. The side effects of this fast growth are the damage and loss of agricultural lands, population growth of the city, lack of proper services, and environmental problems, particularly the pollution of the cities. The writer of this article analyzes the above mentioned problems as the result of city growth.