GANJINE-YE ASNAD
Year:2016 | Volume:26 | Issue:1 (101)|Papers Count:7

Purpose: This paper tries to answer the question of whether with the shift of throne from the Qajars to Reza Shah Pahlavi, and subsequent political, economic, and social changes, any improvement took place in the regime of tax audits in Iran.Methodology / Approach: Library resources and archival documents were consulted to compile this paper.Findings: The new tax audit policy was not successful. Despite the abolition of the taxes that belonged to the Qajarid era by the Majles (=Parliament), tax agents continued to collect taxes on the same basis. As the result, strong discontent rose among the farmers, and complaints were intensified.

Purpose: The objective is to unravel the role of the US diplomacy in dividing Iranian nationalists in the years between the occupation of Iran during World War 2 in 1941 and the 1953 Coup. The focus is on particular on events in the aftermath of the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry.Method/Research Design: Archival documents were consulted in addition to existing publications.Findings: The American and the British agents activated an operation code-named BEDAMN in 1948, carrying out a variety of propaganda and political action activities in order to combat Soviet and Tudeh Party influence in Iran. Following the nationalization of the Iranian oil industry, the operation succeeded in dividing followers of the Prime Minister Mosaddeq and Ayatollah Kashani, the influential religious leader and a former ally of Moseddeq.

Purpose: The presence and performance of groups of prostitutes of Tehran's red light district - the so called Shahr-e Now – in the 1953 coup d'état is reported in this paper. First, the early political activities of this group prior to the 1953 events is discussed. The focus of the report is on the social appearance of the "madam" of the brothels.Method/Research Design: Archival documents and library resources were used to compile this report.Findings: Since the late Qajarid era and Iran’s 1906 Constitutional Revolution, prostitutes and hooligans entered street politics in Tehran. Their appearance in politics found momentum in the years of political turmoil, 1941-1953. They were mobilized by the agents of royalist circles. Distinguished among them were infamous figures such as Maleke-ye E'tezadi and Pari Ajdan Ghezi, two infamous brothel 'madams', who acted alongside hooligans such Shaban Jafari by agitating mobs in the looting of Prime Minister Mosaddeq's resident during the coup administered by the CIA.

Purpose: In the early 1960s a range of social reforms, the so-called "White Revolution", were implemented in Iran by the government during the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Outstanding among them was a land reform that put an end to the centuries old regime of land ownership in Iran. This paper examines political implications of land reform in the southern province of Fars.Methodology/Approach: A combination of library resources and archival documents were examined and analyzed.Findings: Land reform in Fars was not implemented thoroughly, due to obstruction and sabotage by the government officials and landlords. As a result, large proportions of land remained in the hands of landlords.

Purpose: Evaluation of antifungal activity and inhibiting effects of the Kabikaj herb on the most important destructive fungi of paper material such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp.Design/Methodology. Findings were determined by mixing aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts with Sabouraud dextrose agar. To assess the inhibitory effects of extracts on fungi on paper, aged filter papers were used as samples in three groups: control and two test samples were inoculated with the aqueous extract and hydro-alcoholic extract. All samples were inoculated with the prepared suspensions of spores and the effects of plant extracts on the structure of the paper was investigated by tests such as determination of acidity, colorimetric investigations, tensile strength tests and ATR-FTIR.Findings: Kabikaj herb has a noticeable effect on controlling the growth of fungi. In samples impregnated by aqueous extract in the ratio of 1:20 and samples impregnated by hydro-alcoholic extract in the ratio of 1:180, the plant extract inhibited the all five types of the fungi growth. The highest sensitivity against extracts was observed in Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. in which the inhibitory percentage of Hydro-alcoholic extract in ratio of 1:200 was 99.57% for Penicillium spp., and was 99.87% for Cladosporium spp.. After aging, the paper samples treated with both extracts were reduced to 4.0 units in pH level. According to colorimetric results, by increasing the b* factor (yellow/blue) the intensity of yellowing process, and decreasing L* factor (brightness/darkness) the darkening process increased. After the aging process, in samples treated by aqueous extract, about 0.46 unit and hydro-alcoholic extract about 0.41 unit reduction in tensile strength was observed. Generally the hydro-alcoholic extract in comparison to aqueous extract showed more appropriate inhibitory power against fungi, and also its color affects and tensile strength reduction is minor.

Purpose: A variety of ingredients and techniques were employed in Persia, Ottoman Empire, China, India and the Arab world to make ink. These ingredients and techniques have so far not been sufficiently studied. This paper compares the inks used in producing manuscripts in these oriental cultures.Method/Research Design: Findings were extracted and analyzed by reviewing the literature.Findings: The ink used in the majority of the cultures was a combination of herbal and mineral pigments. The binder used was either gum or fish glue. Both caused pigment particles to be suspended in a liquid solution and adhere to the surface. Also, additional ingredients available in each region were added to the ink to enhance its quality.

Purpose: The quality of archival training programs of the National Library of Iran is assessed from the perspective of participants.Method/Research Design: The data gathering tool was a questionnaire designed using the Likert scale. The study population included 100 trainees and 13 trainers who participated courses throughout the years 2013 and 2014.Findings: The mean value of the viewpoints of educators about the success of courses was higher than average (3/45 out of 4), and above the average from the viewpoints of the trainees. Agreement of the content of courses with previous knowledge of the trainees was also close to average. The quality of the learning environment was above the average with regard to lighting and sound, but below the average with regard to temperature.Conclusion: Participants expressed a positive view about face to face training. The quality of educational services provided in programs and teaching quality have been relatively satisfactory. Training program has been more successful with regard to description and organization of records. Provision of further training programs targeting other areas of archival work is suggested.