JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCES
Year:2008 | Volume:7 | Issue:10|Papers Count:11

In order to understand the pressure patterns cauaing the summer monsoon rains in the south east of Iran, daily values of pressure and wind components of 500, 700, and 850 hectopascal levels and sea level were obtained from NCEP site and daily rain data of 152 stations of Iran were provided by the Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization for 1970-2003 period. Spatial analysis of the rain data showed that there is a triangular area in the southeast of the country located to the east of 58:30 E and south of 28:30 N which gets rain every summer. This area is called an index area of Monsoon rains in Iran. The temporal analysis of the monthly rainfall of this index area indicated the June 1994 as the highest and most widespread rainfall during the study period. This study analysed the synoptic patterns causing this intensive rainfall period through the different atmospheric levels at the daily to seasonal scales.The results showed that: The Subtropical High Pressure was stronger and expanded east ward over India at the higher levels. At the same time at the lower levels the monsoon depression was expanded west ward over Arabian Sea creating positive vorticity over the area and making it possible for the air to ascend. The tropical easterly cyclones intruded the southeast of Iran in July1994 more than the other similar months. The westerly trough was deepened over the west of Iran. The south-westerly winds of Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal became stronger. All these patterns and configurations caused the expantion of Monsoon rains to Iran and as a result very intensive rain happened over the area.

Tourism which in recent years has been the head income source for many countries, had a proper condition in Iran from ancient time potentially but because of mismanagements, it has not had a profitable yield actually.As the 10th place in the most attractive countries in the world for tourists but does not have a proportional situation in regarding income (97th place).In this point of view, Semnan province that owns %27 of Irans’ four fold regions at attractions, does not have a remarkable regarding income.But, the revenue of tourism industries in Semnan province is estimated 123296.24 million Rials in the forth development plan. If the estimation is correct it will be possible to make 948 new job opportunities and consequently, reduce unemployment in a rate of %24.66. At the same time, if organizations with efficient managements are able to attract just %2.7 of passing tourists (12 million pilgrims), unemployment problem will be solved in Semnan province.

The cities in Iran are growing considerably at faster rate with suburbs thriving at rapid rate. Tabriz is also no exception for such development The problem of congestion and overcrowding are common predicament in urban life. This situation force the planners to evolve with new strategies and ideas for meeting the requirements of the population which is steadily increasing quantitavely and having a rapid shift in the cultural pattern which influence much on the living style of people.Educational service can be rightly stated as one of essential part of urban land use in which allocating space to it is so important for planners and urban planning because it has direct effect on family and society welfare. In metropolitan cities, education, especially the high school level caters to the need of all sections of society irrespective of their economic status.Because of its sensitivity and its direct relationship towards families, the way of allocating space to educational centers is so substantial. On considering all above-mentioned factors it is apparent that the use of GIS would ensure optimum utilization of available resources for increase of quality of education through guiding planners to suitable locations for schools. Any facility could not meet the need of each and every individual, here comes the optimization principles where maximum comfort and convenience could be given to public proper planning, which can be effectively done using GIS by considering the opposite parameters.In this study, through setting data base and using GIS ,Tabriz high schools have been considered with regards to different variables like, population, desired urban land use, schools location, accommodation factor, desireability, distance from other land sues and … . Then by analyzing these data through AHP model, the best locations for building schools were identified.

In investigating Shiites' mindset, one of the issues under discussion is to consider Shiites dispersion in different cities and get to know science centers in the absence of short duration.According to geographical and other sources Shiites in the past lived in different regions of Islamic countries. It is taken for granted that Shiites dispersion in different cities and regions has a remarkable impact on informing of Shiite sciences and ideas and developed several science centers and led to conspicuous developments in Shiites' scientific basis and thoughts. Bringing into existence of such developments was done during the absence of short duration and the achievements were observed several decades later. The present article aims at introducing Shiites' resident cities and attempts of great Shiite clergies in these cities to develop this period's Islamic sciences. The period under study is 260 to 329 Hijri.

Social justice is one of the important subjects in Islam. The Koran Scripture Says: “our aim from sending prophets is set up justice by people. (S: 57, V: 25). Unfortunately social justice concepts in Islam have been not concerned very well. So that the different aspect of it could not be theorized in fact of human real needs. Now the lack of social justice in Islamic societies is a the best reason of this claim.In western the social justice concepts has considered at least from Aristotle time, because of the social organizations needs. But in last three dictates, the theories of justice have got a new notable aspects in philosophy analyses and social science. as to as for the change of welfare position. The concepts of social condition and individual responsibilities have a main role in social justice theories. These concepts are the union of multiple fields of social science from the Montesquieu time.This article tries to analyses the different view of social justice and the lack of it in Islamic societies by these hypotheses.

Flood is one of the environmental hazards that creates some damages every year. With due attention that it can explain the most environmental characteristic in relation to circulation patterns, it becomes a necessity to determine and study creation synoptic patterns of spread and destroy floods.In this study, after determining of spread and destroy floods threshold, the 500 HP level high data analyzed with factor analysis method and Ward`s method hierarchical clustering using SPSS statistical software for 44 flood(171 days) generating storms during 1370-1384. Finally, seven synoptic patterns generating of spread and destroy floods recognized and classified over Urmia Lake Basin.Research results show that the trough axis has been deepened while occurrence of mentioned floods and either Urmia Lake Basin position seems related to high level disturbances took place in bottom area of western winds short waves trough high diverg ence or located in bottom-front section of Cut-Off Low system synoptic or occurred in bottom-front part of blocking system western winds southern direction. Among them synoptic pattern of western winds short waves trough generated 67.2 percent of all floods.

In this reserch, an attempted has been made to study soil erosion and sedimentation rate in Faresban watershed sub-basin which is a sub-basin of Gamasyab watershed basin using PSIAC method. Twenty three years synoptic and climatology statistics of 13 stations were used to study climatology statistics using SPSS software. With the aim of calculating sedimentation rate and soil erosion, different maps such as land use / land cover map, soil map, surface erosion map, geology map, river erosion map were input and analyzed using Arc/view GIS. The resultant classified erosion map showed that the erosion rate is high in this area. By using this formula Qs=38.77e.353R crosion rates (Km3/km2) for this area were calculated.

The simultaneous expansion of sub-urbanization and the extensive rural-urban migration in the city of Zanjan, followed by the modernization programs in 1360s can be considered as a reason for ecological population movement between the old and new parts of the urban areas. Accordingly the bewildered and other groups of migrants, who in their arrival to Zanjan were resided at its margin, soon replaced the residents of the old parts of the town.  But as they were not familiar with the new environment, they could cope and adapt themselves with its physical environment. Also due to their economical, social and cultural characteristics they have not been able to sustain the previous prosperity of these areas. Moreover the unequal and unsuitable role of urban management in supplying the necessary services also added to the problem of these areas and changed them to an "urban problem space".This research by following the socio-spatial dialectic approach is about to analysis the causes of the study area's ran-downs. In this regard it is also attempted to enlighten the urban management role in ran-downs of the study area. The study area known as a Dabaqkha with an area of 34 hectors is a part of Zanjan's old areas.

The daily increasing urbanization and population growth in Iran are among the factors that expand the city borders and lead to the formation of large cities with enormous population. Establishing a system through which all citizens can put forward their request via computer networks makes the city hall available to every citizen. By setting up electronic networks in the city hall, all the information related to the city and urban management will be stored in the shortest time possible and will be available to other organizations and citizens after evaluation. Also the availability of the required information for making administrative decisions by exact up-to-date methods will remove the organizational barriers which impede the flow of information among different sectors.Nowadays, there is no choice but making use of the capabilities of advanced Information Technology and using GIS in urban planning and management, to lay the ground for comprehensive urban information. With this point taken into account, the present study tries to introduce the geographic information system of Babolsar city. with the aim of equalizing the information ground inside and outside the organization among factors directly and indirectly affecting the spatial organization and realizing the concept of electronic urban management, GIS of Babolsar city was carried out during the years 2006-2007 over 25% of the city area, and came to be a turning point in Mazandaran Province in leading urban management toward the comprehensive information system, to achieve high level urban management goals and the cooperation of people.