IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2000 | Volume:- | Issue:6|Papers Count:11

In order to investigate about the effect of chemical fertilizer on seed yield of Atropa belladonna this project was began in greenhouse during autumn 1993. After this time the plant transferred to field inspiring. We used chemical fertilizer (Urea & Super phosphate triple) in a completely randomized block design with 15 treatments and 4 replicate. The results indicated that seed yield under fertilizer condition were more than non fertilizer and nitrogen had an important role on seed yield.

The genus of Mentha is one of the most important of medicinal plant which is used in pharmaceutical and food industries. Cultivated Mentha piperita L. were collected from two different locations, one from Karaj city, Kalak (sample 1) at the beginning of June 1995 and other sample from Kamoo village 70 Km away from Kashan city (sample 2) at the beginning of June 1999, and essential oils were obtained from leaves by steam distillation method. The oil yields of two samples were 1% v/w calculated on the weight of fresh plant. The oils were analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Main components from sample 1 representing 93.55% of total oil were, Neo-menthol (42.62%), 1, 8 -Cineole (16.S1%) and piperitone (12.25%), and for second sample, main components are L-menthol (37.55%), L-menthone (19.13%), 1, 8 -Cineole (11.48%) and Menthofuran (4.45%).

The essential oil isolated by steam distillation from the aerial parts of Perovskia atriplicifolia Benth. Was analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS.Among the 38 compounds identified, the major components were 1, 8 - cineole + Limonene (40.13%), a-pinene (17.87%), d-3-carene (9.13%), b-pinene (6.59%), camphene (6.17%) and camphor (5.36%).In addition, the optimum time for steam distillation was obtained by several experiments in different times. The results showed that by 35-40 min. Steam distillation more than 99% of the oil was isolated. After separation of the main oil from the water in the condensate stream, a hexane extract of the water soluble components in water (0.03%) was also analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major, components of the water oil were camphore (42.91 %), 1, 8 - cineole + Limonene (29.67%) and borneol (10.76%).

A total of 42 Ephedra herba samples which belong to 9 species of Epedra, were collected from extraction of total Alkcloids, contents of two Ephedra, Alkoloid cephedrine and Psudoephedra) Were determined by GC/MS. Generally E. major was superior (0.1-1.8) and E. brcvifoliata (0.05-0.08) and E. foliate (0.04-0.2) were inferior. The other species contains as following: E procera (0.55-1), E intermedia (0.17-0.8), E. pachyclad. (0.1-0.55), E. strobila (0.09-0.5), sarcocurpa (0.04-0.09), E. distachya (0.6) E. foliata (0.04-0.2). The sum of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in each sample was about 90% of total alkoloids.

To determine the natural dyes or color materials of aerial and ground parts of plants in various phonological stages and climatic conditions and in order to dye the natural wool a silk yarns with scientific methods, several samples of 72 plants families were collected in different appropriate seasons during several years. There are 294 samples that have been dyed according to the simultaneous dying method with 4 and 6 different mordants including Aluminium sulfate (Al.), Cupric sulfate (Cu.), Ferrous sulfate (Fe.), Chrompotaxium sulfate (Kcr.), Nickel sulfat (Ni.) and Chloride stannum (Sn.) The production of 1520 colors in different spectres was the result. All of these colors were tested in different solutions to determine their resistance to weariness, washing. 724 colors were tested to light.Surveying on 1520 kinds, 'of plant dyes of 294 plants with 4 and 6 Mordents during several years shows that 65-70% of the dyes are resistant to light, weariness and washing. This is a standard degree.Therefore, they can prohahly he used in dying the natural wool and silk yarns in Iranian carpets.

The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation from the seeds of Cuminum cyminum (R = 3.4%), was analysed by GC/MS. Among the 13 compounds, the major components. Were cuminyl aldehyde (25, 2%), P-mentha -1, 3 dien-7-al (13%) and b-pinene (10.3%). Significant amounts of aldehyde compounds were showed a good quality of this essential oil.

Aerial parts of Myrtus communis L. were collected from National Botanical Garden of Iran in Sep. 1998 and steam distilled after drying in the photochemistry lab. The amount of essential oil which was produced from 85 grams of the dry leaves was negligible so that we extracted it from water by n-Hexane. Fresh leaves were also steam distilled in order to compare its composition with dry one. In this case oil was produced at the yield of 0.45% (based on fresh leaves).Oil composition of dry and fresh leaves were determined quantiavely / qualitavely by GC and GC/MS. Thirty-two compounds were identified in each one, which were 96.3% of dry and 96.1% of fresh total weights, respectively.Among identified compounds, 1, 8 - cineole (23.4, 17.9%), a-acetate (6.1, 4.8%) were the major constituents, respectively.