Journal of Iran's Economic Essays; an Islamic approach
Year:2007 | Volume:4 | Issue:7|Papers Count:8

Both academic centers and policy makers are concerned about the efficiency of their economic units. One model which has recently been considered is DEA. This model is described by two CCR and BBC sub-models. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the efficiency of 38 districts of Tejarat Bank. The Result of this study shows that the 3rd 4th and the 5th district in Tehran are the most efficient ones and that Qhom, Zanjan, western and eastern Azarbaijans are the least efficient units respectively. The average efficiency for 3 years (period of our study) is 79.7,78 and 47.7 respectively.

Countries with poor natural resources seem to have higher economic growth than those who are rich in natural resources. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that the possession of natural resources leads to Dutch disease, negative terms of trade and rent seeking activities. Since the study has focused on OPEC members, we use the exports of natural energy as a proxy for the possession of natural resources. To investigate this hypothesis we implement the most recent growth models. Using panel data for eight OPEC members and 13 selected countries during the years 1969-2003, the estimated results suggest that energy exports revenue has a negative impact on GDP.In addition, the estimated results for individual countries prove that the exports of energy resources has a negative impact on the individual national income of countries such as; Iran, Indonesia, Libya, Nigeria, and Venezuela. In contrast to this finding, the effect has been positive in Saudi Arabia, and insignificant in Kuwait. In sum, the negative relationship between the energy exports revenue and national income in our country highlights the importance of curing the Dutch disease and its roots through a series of structural reforms in different sectors.

Efficiency has been among the most important goals of different organizations in order to achieve optimal allocation of resources, and minimize the costs with the current technology. Indeed, it is of great importance to calculate efficiency in different sectors and organizations to compare the competitiveness of a country among others. In this study, we try to measure the efficiency of the Iranian banking system and its determinants compared with other countries. In doing so, we review the literature of efficiency and the empirical models on the indices of efficiency and its determinants in different banking systems.Then the efficiency index in the Iranian banking system has been measured with the data for 14 banks during the years 1375-82.Implementing a DEA non-parametric method to capture the effects of structural and technical variables, the results suggest that technical efficiency in private banks has exceeded that of public banks in Iran.Moreover, comparing the technical efficiency of Iranian banks with that of foreign banks shows that Iranian banks have had higher efficiency in 1379-80, though this trend has changed in 1381-82.

Recent theories of economic growth treat commercially oriented innovation in response to economic incentives, as a major engine of technological progress and productive growth. In this view, innovation feeds on knowledge arising from cumulative research and development (R&D) experience on one hand, and it contributes to this stock of knowledge on the other hand. Consequently, an economy's level of productivity depends on its cumulative R&D effort and on its effective stock of knowledge, with the two being interrelated. In a world with FDI and international trade in goods, a country's productivity depends on the R&D of its trade partners as well as its own.The aim of this study is to assess the role of domestic R&D expenditures and foreign R&D expenditures (through the foreign trade and FDI). Human capital and macroeconomic variables on Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Iran's economy. We apply Johansen cointegration methodology and 015 in the estimation during the period between 1338-1382.The findings show that domestic R&D capital stock, foreign R&D capital stock(through the foreign trade and FDI), Human capital, capital intensity, ratio of exports of GDP, external reserves, real exchange, rate inflation rate and Dummy variables have important effects on Total Factor Productivity. Our estimates suggest that the coefficient of domestic and foreign R&D capital stock, ratio of exports of GDP, and Dummy variables on TFP, is larger than the coefficient variables. Our estimates also show that the coefficient variable inflation rate and Dummy variables on TFP is negative.In addition, we discussed various shocks and their immediate effects on different variables through application of impulse response and variance decomposition, and showed the effect of changes of variable.

Using the Dollarization theory, this paper attempts to identify the determinants of currency substitution degree in Iran and Argentina. Despite the reduction in the volume of the dollar in some years, the trend of currency substitution has been increasing.This Paper examines Dollarization phenomenon in Iran and Argentina's economy through estimating the Volume of Dollars and Degree of Currency Substitution. The results imply that Dollarization in Iran and Argentina is one-way.  

The existing models of conflict resolution in game theory use the relevant information about the expected value of the strategy to find the solution. These models do not pay adequate attention to the possibility of choices' and the probability of performance by the opponent.In this paper we introduce a linear, programming model to solve a multi-objective zero-sum game without the exchange of information. In our model the decision maker is asked to choose one strategy from a list of seven. This information which is relative to any of strategies (against opponent choices) is probable and the strategy performance possible.

Section 44 of the Constitution of Islamic Republic if Iran emphasizes the prevention on Monopoly through appropriate regulation and legislation.In this study we measure the concentration ratio in -the selected industries (Petrochemical, Automobiles, Iron, Glass and Sugar) for the period of 1998-2006. The result show a high degree of concentration which may decline over time as the number of -producers increase without ay significant change in the basis of monopoly power.