GOLJAAM
Year:2006 | Volume:- | Issue:2|Papers Count:9

This study discusses the manifestation of carpets in children's literature. Since carpets are one of the universal symbols of Iranian art and culture, scholars and educators should attempt to institutionalize this art and craft as a cultural issue in the society. Obviously, such a movement must begin from childhood and use methods and models based on children's interests. A story is one model that children naturally admire.The present article is a case study of one of the best Iranian children stories on the topic of carpets. The article has presented and interpreted various parts of the story, demonstrating how the author, by pointing to the traditional motifs of carpets, making use of a symbolic language, religious and national symbols and values, the appropriate techniques of writing for children, as well as narrating the life of a little girl working in a carpet weaving workshop, has represented the features and values of carpets in both realistic and surrealistic contexts. The cultural and social status of carpet weavers and other groups involved in the production of carpets must be taken into further consideration. These people should receive due respect as artists preserving a major part of Islamic Iran's cultural heritage.

The designs and motifs of Qashqa'i gelims betray in a sense their weavers' creative minds, high intelligence, unwavering efforts, great ability, graceful spirit, and deep thought. Understanding the meanings of these motifs and designs will help us become more familiar with the religious beliefs of the Qashqa'i people, the true meaning of their lives, their myths, traditions and rituals. It will also help us recognize the factors that have led to the appearance or disappearance of various motifs throughout the history of the tribe. The general factors that have led to the a appearance of motifs in Qashqa'i flatwoven rugs have been mentioned as follows: A) Geographical factors and the natural environmentB) The history, culture, and art of Iranian nomadic tribesC) The organization of the tribeD) The literacy, amount of knowledge, income and status of living of the peopleThe most important conclusions of the study concern the categorization of Qashqa'i gelims, the most prevalent designs, motifs and sizes of the Qashqa'i gelims, designs that have undergone change or have been forgotten and the use of various colors in these rugs.

The article first describes different ways of tentering (sar rast koni) through the use of the surveying method. It also elaborates on the various features of these methods and the facilities and equipment used in them. In order to provide this information, a complete statistical group throughout the Isfahan and East Azarbaijan provinces was visited and 33 workshops were chosen from the group based on a normal distribution in Tehran Province. The workshops were then studied. Finally, the distribution of these methods in various areas was studied and a conclusion was reached.

New nanofiltration membranes were produced in the form of unfilled fibers through the photopolymerization method. Parastyrene sodium sulfonate was used as the vinyl monomer to reform the poly sulphone ultra-filtration membranes. The modified membranes were used to purify colored solutions of three different pigments consisting acidic, reactive and direct (suitable for dyeing pile yams and warps), in order to refine and reuse the pigment solutions. The effect of various parameters like pressure, electrolyte, time, and the kind of pigment on the extent to which the pigment is confined and the flux of the membrane outflow was assessed. Results showed that besides the effective function of bleaching, the problem of barred pores observed in most commercial membranes built of polyamide also reduced significantly in the new membranes.

A study of various deficiencies observed in the process of pile carpet weaving in the Province of Kashan has revealed that the most important defects are: unevenness, crimpled sides and erroneous application of the cartoon. Improving weavers' skills will have a significant effect on reducing these defects.Therefore, weavers should be given educational advice on recognizing the capabilities of looms and other rug weaving equipment, the quality of raw materials and their harmonious use, the correct way of weaving flatwoven rugs, the manner of interlacing the wefts, and daftin-zadan (pounding an iron comb on the weft).

Carpet making in Iran plays an important role in creating job opportunities and increasing the country's foreign exchange revenues.One of the fundamental and comprehensive programs that can guarantee the survival, expansion and extension of this art and craft is higher education. The course for carpets was first introduced in Iran's higher education centers in 1375 (1996). Students can apply for a bachelor degree by competing in general examinations.Others can apply for undergraduate diploma in the Inclusive Applied Science University and the Islamic Azad University.In the present research, efforts have been made to study the motives of students studying for an undergraduate diploma in the Inclusive Applied Science University (the higher education center of the Fars Agricultural Jihad Organization) in the years 1381 (2002) and 1382 (2003) and to identify factors  that lead students to choose the topic of carpets as a university course.The results of the research show that the strongest factor leading to this choice is primarily personal characteristics (interests, tendencies and experiences), secondly social and family factors (social values and living atmosphere), followed by economic factors (achieving an income and employment).