Political Quarterly
Year:2013 | Volume:42 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Discourse analysis or discourse theory deals with meaningful roles of behaviors and social ideas in political life, hence it is considered as one of the most modern research methods in political sciences. This paper, with the purpose of political studies, regards Ernesto Laclau and Shantal Mouffe’s discourse analysis more appropriate, and as a result, in addition to stating the grounds for the formation and typology of discourse analyses, it determines the main concepts and the function of Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis as well as criticisms on this post-modern approach, with regard to Iranian-Islamic research.It can be assumed that Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis has potentials to political determinations, even for the case of Islamic Revolution discourse; yet regarding the drawbacks to this post-modern discourse analysis, selective borrowing from this theory and level of analysis can be made and it can be used as an analytical tool for Islamic Revolution studies. To attain this objective, it requires some rethinking and free utilization of Laclau and Mouffe’s discourse analysis with its theoretical structure in local and Islamic political research.

This Article, for the purpose of understanding Iran’s Islamic Revolution formation, has analysed how use of Islamic & Shia Symbols led to revolution’s victory against ancient western symbols.In order to achieve to proper outputs from historical issues, we’ ve used conceptual model of French socialgist “Pierre Bourdieu” named symbolic battle & generation of Islamic & Shia symbols against ancient & modern Pahlavi’s symbols is pointed by symbolic power & shown symbolizing groups, i.e intelligents & clergymen in 40’s & 50’s (Shamsi Calender) used these symbols in political field & congured Iranian symbolic mind & with minimum physical aggression, provided the basis of Islamic Revolution’s Victory.Pahlavies, by ignoring symbolic Islamic Shia world, & emphasis on symbolic ancient & modern world, played an important role in political mobilization against themselves. We Study This Tow Symbolic Universe for the prepare how the Victory of Islamic Revolution.

Modernity in the political history of Iran can be studied from various viewpoints, which are: evolution in the way of looking at the concept of modernity and its relationship with modernism and modernization, the impact of modernity and its synonyms on the movement of political changes in Iran especially after the constitutional movement, and the concepts of national and tangential modernity and the movement arose from them in the history of Iran. With these preparations, modernity and its historical movement are related more or less to any important cultural, political and social concepts in Iran society and few aspects in the life of Iranians which are not impressed by this important subject. Another point in this regard is that after realization of independence and new identity in Iran in Safavids under the school of the household of the prophet of Islam, a kind of modernity formed in Iran society that enjoyed growth and development for long decades which can be compared somehow with the European Renaissance. This comparison can be considered as another aspect of the confrontation between tradition and modernity in Iran.

This article generally discusses the main criteria and elements of knowledgebased economy dominated in recent world’s planning.Attempt has been made through this investigation to derivate the knowledge oriented components of Iran’s economic, social and cultural development plans in accordance with obtained criteria.This research also covers the subjects such as theoretical premises and conceptual frameworks of the knowledge-based development then evaluates the rank and status of knowledge- oriented components in IR. Iran’s development plans.Research findings demonstrate an acceptable score in line with global standards for Iran; however, the article claims that Iran’s achievements have not been coherent enough. The high level of human development of Iran has not been consistent with achievements in other sectors of the plan.

Knowing About Growth And Development Of Islamic Fundamentalism In Islamic Societies During Recent Decades, This Essay Surveys And Analysis Social, cultural Crisis And Globalization On Emergence And Formation Of Islamism Movement In Aljazeera. the Aime of Research Is Confirming This Hypothesis Which Social, Cultural Crisis, Globalization And islamic revelution of iran Had A Principle Role In Returning To Islamic Principles And Roots In Aljazeera After Getting Rid Of The France Colonailism.

As most of Russian Muslims are Tatar, then Tatarstan is the most important Muslim republic of Russian Federation. In the past, Tatars have conquered Russia and for 200 years. Yet Tatarstan is important for Russia culturally and economically.Russian leaders consider Tatarstan as a model for the other Muslim republics especially the Caucasians, because Tatari Islam is too modern and in harmony with the Orthodoxy. The question of the paper is: “what are the characteristics of the Tatars’ identity?” The hypothesis of the authors is: “all three Islamic, Tatari or Russian-Slav-Orthodox identities has shaped tatari culture and identity”.

During recent decades, Turkey has attempted to join EU and introduce itself as a European country at international system; however, in spite of 10 years since official introduction of this country as a candidate for joining to EU on behalf of European countries, attempts of Turkey were faced with failure. It is attempted in the following article that by benefiting Local Integration Theory of Eshpigel and Cantori besides studying impediments ahead of Turkey for joining to EU, ability of Integration of this country with European countries is studied within framework of EU and this question is answered, what is the main reason of prolonging processing of joining Turkey to EU? What are the effective factors on process of joining Turkey to EU.

During the late 1940’s to 1970’ s, Development Plan Act in Japan was passed by Diet with leadership of the dominant party and this Act was strengthened by implementation guidelines of the administrative system. The Act was drafted within three layers social system consisting of an efficient administrative system (focused ministry of MITI, the Ministry of Finance, Economic Planning and the Bank of Japan), the active private sector and leaders of the main parties. In this period, the target of Development Plan Acts was economic growth. In the past two decades, the planning system and Development Plan Act of the country has changed with taking Japan the place of one of the world’s top economies. This Act has been such a vision. At this stage and alongside weakening of state controls and rotation relative to the frame of the market economy country, the private sector is main actor and developmental state is confident institution to private sector. Now in Japan, Development Plan Acts are a vision and have important role in increasing private enterprise confidence in the economy future.

The Russian Federation supplies an important part of EU’s energy needs. In recent years, EU has shown a special interest in the Caspian region’s energy; the signing of NABOCO Pipeline protocol on July 13, 2009 is a sign of this interest.What are the reasons for EU’s interest in the Caspian region’s energy? This paper proposes that the increasing energy needs in Europe, limited domestic resources, dependence on the Russian federation, and EU’s growing doubts over Russia as a provider of stable energy have contributed to this new energy policy. The paper is based on official statistics and those of specialized energy institutions, as well as analysis of economic and political developments in Europe and the Caspian region.

The security of the oil-rich countries of the Middle East has traditionally been defined as a byproduct of the oil interests of the western great powers but the Middle East has also been evolving the main supply source for the rapidly growing economies in the Asia-Pacific region.In order to maintain their military presence in both Middle East and Asia-Pacific Region the foreign powers have always been exploiting the existing security fault lines both within and among the region’s nation states, but under the developing situation, the stability of these regions must be defined in terms other than the historical divide and rule manner or with the great powers as the military balancer.

Transnational Organized Crime (TOC) developed in the post world war era and during the cold war, between super powers. Political problems encumbered states to take a notice to TOC. As a result, they could increase their organization and crimes.As today, trafficking and international terrorism have imperiled political and economical existence, independency and solidarity of nations. The aim of this article is finding the causes of globalization of crime in EU by using English school.

Conceptualizing what is happening in some parts of Arab World has generated heated debate among academicians, pundits, policy makers and journalists. These events have been called: Arab Revolutions, Arab Spring, Islamic Awakening, Rebellion and Revolts among other things. Conceptual clarifications and definitional demarcations can help us to understand these changes better. In this paper an attempt has been made to evaluate and critique different definitions of revolutions and apply these definitions of the revolution to the events of the Arab World in order to assess if they can be called revolution. Definitions of revolutions have been divided to Consequence Oriented, Process Oriented and Goal Oriented definitions.It has been concluded that we are better off not to call these transformations, revolutions.

The discussion over a prominent thinker like Niccolo Machiavelli is like a neverending stream. The proportion of modern thought to Christianity and the intellectual evolution of Secularism have their origins in Machiavelli’s thought. The explanation of this proportion has been accompanied by kinds of incoherences to the extent that have put Machiavelli as the enemy of the religion or against that. Also Machiavelli’s use of religion as instrument is another reliable interpretation. That makes it ever harder to comprehend Machiavelli’s ideas. This article tries to indicate some kinds of identity between Machiavelli’s thought and Christianity which can result in the recognition of the meaning of Secularism and such intellectual evolution through the republican exegesis.