Journal of Quantitative Economics
Year:2007 | Volume:4 | Issue:1|Papers Count:7

The art of Printing and its related techniques have been of primary significance to Iranians since centuries ago. Although the art of printing has experienced many ups and downs during different eras in the history of Iran it seems that Safavi's were more concerned about it. However, this situation was not stable during Afsharieh and Zandieh. Qajar was but an important era regarding the development of Printing in Iran. In the same line, Abbas Mirza and Qaem Maqam, the Minister of Culture to his government, had important roles in developing the art of Printing. It is worth noticing the role of the West especially the European in this respect. Therefore, Iranians should not forget that, although people like Abbas Mirza, Mirza Saleh Shirazi, Qaem Maqam farahani, Amir Kabir and Mirza Hassan Khan Etemadolsaltaneh made remarkable efforts to establish and develop new organizations as regarded printing, this would not be possible without the help of the Europe. In fact, it should be noted that the Europe had a leading role in cultural development of Iran.

Trade Liberalization is generally beneficial in the expantion of international transactions. Furtheremore, its proces depends on eliminating non-tariff barriers, gradually reducing tariffs and even removing export subsidies. The exploration of trade liberalization effects that is often concerned with relevant studies is a main objective of such studies. They focus specially on the effects of income distribution and welfare of households through the specification of computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The present paper avaluates impacts of trade liberalization in Iran’s agricultural sector on the welfare level of the Iranian housholds. By conducting several senarios of reducing tariffs in the frame of a CGE model specified, the paper concludes that the welfare level of households is positively affected in cunjuction with changes in their income, consumption and saving.

The main aim of this article is to compare the effect of nominal effective exchange rate changes on real gross domestic product in countries with fixed exchange rate regime and those with floating exchange rate in the long run. For this purpose two groups of countries consisting of six countries each, one group with fixed exchange rate and another with floating exchange rate have been considered. Panel data is used for the period 1981-2004. Im, Pesaran and Shin stationary and Pedroni cointegration tests are used to verify the existence of long run relationship among variables. Based on Hausman test random effect model was estimated for both groups of countries. Results confirm the positive effect of devaluation on output for the group of countries with fixed exchange rate regime. The estimated coefficient is not statistically significant for the group of countries based on flexible exchange rate regime. Based on the study exchange rate policy can effectively be used along with other macroeconomic policies in order to achieve output and employment targets in those countries who have adopted pegged exchange rate regime.

In every society, decision making involves some costs and benefits that are expanded not only to the regional scales but also to the national and international scales. One of the most important tools for selecting plans and projects is economic evaluation methods and analyzing costs and benefits. So it is necessary to use suitable and comprehensive models in economic and technical evaluation in order to expand and increase production capacity of the country in different levels. In this way it is analyzed both of the micro and macro effects of the development. Actually there is a lack of analytical models that combine economic and environmental costs and benefits. Even though quantifying social and environmental effects isn’t so easy. This paper investigates some current approaches, models and methods for economic and environmental evaluating projects. The methodology in the goal view is applied and in the literature review is descriptive and in case study is survey research. Finally after a short survey it is presented an integrated approach with a case study. Results show that considering environmental costs and benefits could affect the decision taking process.

Demand for money is an important part of macroeconomic models and the monetary policy; furthermore demand for money and its stability are important in an economy especially in the design of monetary policy. We estimate the Iranian demand for money for period (1971-2005) using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method. We also use the error correction model for short-run dynamic analysis and stability test in model. The explanatory variables include gross domestic product, inflation rate, and foreign exchange rate, short-run and long-run interest. The results show that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between the variables. According to our finding, the gross domestic product have positive impact on the demand for money and exchange rate and inflation rate have significant negative effects on the demand for money in Iran . The result of our error correction model indicated that about 50 percent of error deviation of the demand for money from its equilibrium path is corrected each period. The results of the stability tests show that the estimated demand for money in Iran is stable.

This paper analyzes the price elasticity of import inputs, capital and intermediate. By using the flexible production function transcendental during 1345-1382 and by using SUR system, the model is estimated. This model is able to describe the impact of open economic on distortion resource and changes product, by using the optimization method in the find period. Moreover, this method is better than minimizing costs and maximizing utility. Within econometrics models, the analyzing impact inputs (capital and intermediate) show that: a) Price elasticities of capital and intermediate of import inputs are varied during the period. b) The average (absolute) price elasticity of import of intermediate is larger than price elasticity of import capital. c) Unstability of the average price elasticity of import inputs is more than intermediate inputs of import and d) The average price elasticity of intermediate is more during the latter period.

Globalization, regionalism and economic integration are the basic issues which bring many positive consequences to the world economy. Among all, it would impress foreign transactions, increase the amount of trade flows, increase the moving FDI, accelerate in technology, achieve the competitive capability and improve it, removes the tarrif and non-tarrif barriers and acquiring the binding conditions for a presence in the world free trade. In order to enter to globalization of economy, making a competitive position is one of the most important issues. In other word make a competitive position and notice to export and delete the nowdays barriers and after it, increasing the competitive capability and competitive advantage is the most important chracters of global economy and enter to its space. In this paper, in addition to review the process of globalization, competitive, the relationship of them and their effects on export and Irans economy, it tests the relationship between competitive and nonoil export of Iran by utilizing the Hsiao Causality Test and its analysis. The results show that there is no causality relationship between competitive and nonoil export of Iran. In other word nonoil export of Iran is affected by oil exports and their reveniues and Irans economy had forgot competitive advantage and policies of