Journal of Quantitative Economics
Year:2014 | Volume:11 | Issue:2 (41)|Papers Count:8

Poverty and inequality in generation of woman are of major social issues and policy makers have tried to mitigate them during last years. Income mobility is one of the most important issues concerned with poverty and inequality. In fact, income mobility is an index which reflects the degree of inequality of opportunities in a society. Income Mobility is measured as either conditional or absolute mobility. In Conditional mobility fixed effects are considered, while in absolute mobility this effect is ignored. Thus, in this paper we have tried to study income mobility in generation of woman. To do that, using Household Survey Data collected by Iran Statistical Center for the period of 1988 to 2011, a Pseudopanel data type pattern is designed. This method enables us to track the performance of each cohort over time. Our results indicate that the absolute income mobility is low and inequality of opportunities is decreasing over time, though this process is slow.

Since the environmental pollution is a socioeconomic issue and in many cases is a consequence of political decisions, including political variables and the kind of political regimes in models concern with pollution may lead to more realistic results. Thus, in this study, using panel data approach for the period of 1996-2013, it is tried to estimate the impact of democracy on the environmental pollution of some selected oil exporting countries. Using Human Development Index (HDI), the selected countries are classified into three groups. The results show a significant negative correlation between democracy index and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita in the first group (countries with high HDI). Furthermore, the corresponding correlation is significantly positive for the second group (countries with middle HDI), while correlation for the third group (countries with low HDI) is negative and insignificant. However, economic growth has positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions per capita within 3 groups. Finally, energy efficiency has negative and significant impact on CO2 emissions per capita.

Since the behavior of real exchange rate is affected by the macroeconomic variables of the country, identifying these variables is very important. Due to the fact that ignoring technologic overflow may slow the process of economic growth, investigating about it is very important. Hence, in this study, it is tried to estimate the behavior model of real exchange rate in Iran. Furthermore, the effect of real exchange rate on the spillover of technology is studied for the period of 1995-2013. To determine short term and long term behavior of real exchange rate, we have used Edwards’ model that employs ARDL approach to estimate models. The results show that exchange controls affect the real exchange rate positively whereas the degree of openness affects the real exchange rate negatively. The effect of estimated exchange rate, as an indirect absorption channel, on the overflows technology was examined, Estimation and anticipation this section was performed by ingenious method genetic algorithm. The results show that the effect of real exchange rate, expenditure of research and development, imported knowledge, and Human Development Index have positive effect on patent or knowledge contribution, while size of government has a negative effect on patent.

Nowadays, in the process of economic globalization, it is necessary to consider the potential of export capacity and the related factors affecting it. Total factor productivity, among others, is a known key factor affecting economic growth in a global competitiveness scene. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of total factor productivity on mutual export capacity among Iran and Europe Union countries in the period of 2000-2013, by using the gravity model and panel data method. The total factor productivity has been calculated by Tornquist Index. The results of Iran export capacity model show that the total factor productivity of Iran has a significant and positive effect on export capacity of the country. However, the total factor productivity of EU countries has a significant and negative effect on export capacity of Iran. Furthermore, the results of Europe Union export capacity model reveal that the total factor productivity of EU Union has a positive and significant effect on the export capacity of European Union but total factor productivity of Iran has an insignificant effect on the export capacity of European Union.

One of the most challenging questions in the economics is the relation between the taxes and economic growth. In the last few decades, many research have concentrated on the effects of tax structure (i.e., wage tax, capital income tax, and consumption tax) on the economy in many countries. In the present study, using static and dynamic general equilibrium models and employing, the effects of tax reform on economic growth of Iran has been examined. To do that, Findings of the general equilibrium of the research show that taxation on the wage and capital income decreases economic growth and investment, while effect of the taxation on consumption is positive. Simulation results of the comparative static analysis show that the wage tax has the highest impact on the economy of the Iran. The next effective taxes on the economy of Iran are capital income tax and the consumption income tax, respectively. Moreover, based on the results of the dynamic analysis, it has been demonstrated that the wage tax exerts more effect on the economy of the Iran than the capital income tax in the long term.

Due to the importance of oil revenue, studying the causes of oil price changes and attempt to produce predicting models is one of the most important issues in Iran’s economy. On the other hand, oil price volatility leads to difficulties in development planning. Empirical studies show that volatilities in oil prices have made structural bottlenecks in all aspects of Iran’s economy. Thus, understanding the mechanism of oil price formation can reduce the risk of oil price volatility and its negative impacts on Iran's economy. With the development of oil stock and oil futures market, the crude oil price formation has been changed in oil market. Thus, in short-term by changing the interest rate, the cash flow between financial markets and oil markets, diverts the crude oil price in its long term direction. In this paper, having the relationship between mentioned markets in short-term, the crude oil price diversion from its long-term direction is investigated. Using daily time series data of Iran's heavy crude oil for the period of 2005-13 and employing Fisher price jump model, Frankel theory, and multivariate GARCH technique, the relationship between different markets are estimated. The results show that using Urals crude oil price, in pricing strategy, gives a false signal in determining crude oil price in the Mediterranean and North West Europe markets.