CULTURAL STUDIES & COMMUNICATION
Year:2018 | Volume:14 | Issue:50 |Papers Count:10

This study aims to explore the collective memory of generations of the Iran-Iraq war as a social fact in the contemporary Iranian society. Generation, as a social framework, affects a variety of people’ s memories of the event of war. Therefore, to conceptualize the collective memory of war we studied the possible configurations of war among different age groups. In this regard, we based the study on theoretical concept of collective memory and raised questions about the essence and construction of collective memory of generations of war. To answer these questions, by adopting a qualitative method, 38 people were interviewed through deep and semi-structured interviews by means of purposeful and theoretical sampling. Collected data were analyzed by the method of thematic coding in the background of grounded theory research. The results of the analysis show that there are different configurations of the collective memory of war among different generations. In addition to the historical context of each generation, the encounters of individuals and groups with the hegemonic order and dominant ideology in society are contribute to the formation of these collective memories.

As confirmed by many studies, balancing between advancing the necessities of marriage and the concern of self-realization among couples is an important challenge for families in the current world. This research seeks some proper answers to the question of how Iranian middle-class women make a connection between the reality of their life and their dreams in the marital relationship and what strategies they follow to fill the gap. Some western contemporary research take the challenge between necessities of marital life and self-realization into consideration. Adopting concepts such as gender-based division of labor, women’ s work at home, and child rearing, this research analyzes these challenges in the context of Iranian contemporary society. This paper employs ethnographic approach. to qualitative research. We conducted 12 in-depth interviews with married woman inhabiting in Tehran to gather data. The findings indicate that the challenge is a serious one in Iranian context. Many of interviewees believed that marital necessities are in contrast with their main demands. It seems that the prevalence of cooperative division of labor can be considered as a possible response to this challenge.

Presenting an Appropriate Model for Press (According to Experts in the Field of Environmental Media, Journalists and Environmental Supporters) Climate change, natural catastrophes and the effect of industrialized societies on nature (environment) have brought the attention of experts to the field of environmental issues and convinced them to use the widespread connections and media to increase the social impact factor. The aim of doing so was to protect the Environmental sources. The need for the press to answer the society’ s questions and empowering the potential of directing social powers in a way that will reduce the environmental side effect, led the press to compile a model for the environment and social communications. Iranian context is not an exception. Emerging environmental issues such as drying wetlands and haze phenomenon have attracted attentions to the importance of the role media plays. This paper aims to clarify the elements of environmental journalism and present an appropriate model for Iranian press based upon "Media Doctor" theory developed by Wiekbe Rö gene. This study adapts "Political Delphi" and utilizes "Snow Ball" sampling. Using the help provided by 17 experts in the fields of journalism and environment, the researchers conducted deep interviews. The results reveal that environmental journalism in the Iranian context should be shaped based upon 4 main local elements namely, "having criteria of environmental journalism", "having criteria of general journalism", "having environmental knowledge in one of the environmental sub-fields", and "being familiar with the activities of international organizations and environmental treaties in the world and in Iran. "

Roholghodos and Sur-e Esrafil were two newspapers that played a significant role in the era of the constitutional revolution of 1906-1907. Managers of these newspapers are among the first freedom fighters who were convicted and killed for their activities during the time. The publication of the Roholghodos and Sur-e Esrafil began after the victory of the constitutional revolution and continued until the coup of Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar. Roholghodos and Sur-e Esrafil have been published 28 and 32 times during this period and included 13 and 12 editorials respectively. The results of the research show that in the editorial articles of the Roholghodos included more political contents while Sur-e Esrafil contained religious issues in addition to political and social topics. The results of the present study indicate that during the constitutional revolution the two mentioned newspapers played an important role in promoting freedom and criticizing despotism.

Communication tools as cultural agents play an important role in shaping public opinion and mindsets. The developments in the West Asian region and the emergence of the ISI terrorist group, the coming of Donald Tramp as US President and the presence of the majority of Republicans in the Senate and Congressional congresses, and the rigorous rhetoric of neoconservatives towards Iran and the threat of a cancellation of the agreement by the Trump, have created a very profound advertisement for the general diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The main goal of this paper is to achieve the most appropriate strategies to improve Islamic Republic of Iran media diplomacy in the Post-JCPOA. This research adapts the Delphi method and utilizes a three-step model program-Strategic David. Therefore, to achieve the research objectives, the experts' viewpoints were used. The result of the research show that the competitive strategies are the most appropriate strategies to improve Islamic Republic of Iran media diplomacy in the Post-JCPOA era. Finally, developed competitive strategies were prioritized. The main strategy in this research is “ Semantic Integration in the Package of Message from Islamic Republic of Iran Media for Managing Perceptions and Timely Escaping From Cognitive Parasite and Narrative and Ideas Developed by Western-American Media” . It seems that this strategy corresponds soft balance theory.

As a tool for communication, mass media can be a source of conflict among people as they need to find a balance between protecting individual rights and valuing the right of citizens to be informed. Predicting civil liability for media seems to be a just solution to guarantee the aforementioned balance between rights and obligations while, simultaneously serves a permission for the continuation of their activity. The public nature of the mass media and extensiveness of the damage make the compensation for probable damages to be difficult. Introducing insurances that cover civil liability increases willingness to condemning media when fail to meet the required balances. This is an important suggestion especially when considering the processes that happen in media courts that lead to the ignorance of addressing the underlying problems. Moreover, due to heavy amounts of compensation, occasionally paying them puts the economic life of the media in danger.