DIDGAH
Year:2009 | Volume:- | Issue:-|Papers Count:4

More than 90% of goods are transported globally by sea transportation mainly through ships. In Iran the volume of cargo transportation is 94% according to official reports. Transporting such a huge volume along low freight has been considered very important for sea transportation. However, every year various marine causalities occur due to human errors. The reasons remain on human deeds and its related issues. Fatigue, restlessness (sleeplessness), poor ship design, poor ship management, lack of sufficient training, and many other factors cause decease, lose of ship and cargo, and environment impacts such as pollution. This research intends to evaluate the role of human elements and its components in marine accidents.

The present paper focuses on choosing the best scenario for designing the anzali port breakwater based on different criteria by applying concordance analysis.The criteria can be classified under three categories: 1. economical, 2. technical and 3. managing. Due to the importance of the weights assigned to the criteria, they were determined based on the experiencess of qualified experts who work for Sazeh pardazi Iran Consultant Company.Finally in order to evaluate the results, sensitive analysis on criteria weights was used. The outcome indicates an outstanding scenario which is the most appropriate scenario for port development.

Structural and fundamental changes in port operation and ownership over the past decade are obvious evidence on emergence of port- operating transnational corporations. The emergence of the port-operating transnational corporations necessarily leads to a fundamental epistemological change in reconceptualizing the meaning of port, so that the concept of port as a single, fixed, and spatial entity shifts in a network of terminals that operate under a corporate and unit logic. This epistemological shift has twofold: 1- Because of port reforms, corporate entry occurs usually at the terminal level, the terminal rather than the port becomes the relevant spatial unit of analysis. 2- Although spatial theories of the firm represent a longstanding stream in economic geography, such theories have yet to find general application in port studies. Therefore, in addressing the interface between transport and economic geographies, the transport researchers suggest a geography of the port-operating transnational corporations as a potential bridge. A decade of privatization in port sector has rendered the port industry an appropriate empirical ground for enquiry into spatial theories of the activities of firm. Evidence from Asian Port Systems and business networks are put forward in sketching a new research agenda. Finally, it should be said that today port is not merely a place on a world map, but according to Bird: "A map of a seaport can be misleading".

Research as the fundamental pillar of every organization in competitive conditions warrants its eternity. Working in momopolistic environment and non-competitive condition -like as working position and situation of state organization of country- also needs researching, because it results in organization advantage in attaining determined key purposes. Investigating and developing will be reflected in increasing the productivity and efficiency of organization, reducing the costs of executing the operations and projects, and also increasing the speed of answering to organization's parties to transaction. Therefore, efficient settlement of Research and Development Unit in the organization is a matter that should be gave special attention. This paper tries to suggest the real situation of research and development in the port and shipping organization and also country ports based on the knowledge of research and development management of the suitable and settlementable generation of ports by evaluating world leading ports.According to the last findings of the world developed centers, there are six yenerations of research and development. Follwing each of these generations requires some special requisite and prerequisite. Settling each generation in an organization also is a long-time and sensitive project that authorities of organization should be careful during executing it.