JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN ASSOCIATION OF ARABIC LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
Year:2006 | Volume:1 | Issue:4|Papers Count:7

It should be made clear that in spite of some similarities between syntactic and grammatical analogy and rational or philosophical analogy, they are very different from each other. Syntactic analogy is of originality in language, however after the fourth century some grammarians entered the rational deduction in to syntactic domain, and this issue is a clear fact to the grammarians. The second fact is that this linguistic deduction is generalizable in all grammatical and syntactic matters in such a way that Hamzeh Kasaii, Koufeh's principal, believes that: syntax is a science based on deduction and this deduction is applicable in all matters. Yet, the third fact is related to the lack of knowledgeable grammarians, and nence there is a need to train somd in this field, since improving the knowledge of grammarians on these deductions is very advantageous in boosting their academic level. This paper introduce four syntactic deductions which are based on intellectual basis in Arabic language.

In addition to his well-known religious and social status, Al-Sarif Al Radl poetry is considered as a great poet.He is one of the outstanding Arab poets, who is parallel to such great poets of the Abbasids era as Abu-Tamam, AL-Buhturiy, and al-Mutianabbi. But what makes him distinct from others is his religious commitment which is obvious almost in all of his elegies. This commitment is more tangible in his most important works such as ghazal, ecomiastic verse, Fakhr, Resa, and it is originated mainly from his noble origin, and also his religious, intellectual social and political status at that time. This paper seeks to demonstrate this commitment through his ecomiastic verse and other kinds of verse.

In "Modern poetics", what is important is the "text" and its internal essence. Some of the most controversial issues in poetics are related to "discourse" and "discourse Analysis". In order for a text to be fully understood for basic elements of a language, music, imagery, and human experience (emotional structure), and also the intertextuality issue should be taken into account.

Turkey and Iraq has undergone similar changes in a specific period of time in contemporary history, and thus have some commonalities.The prevalent atmosphere in these countries, and changes in the world and in the Middle East have influenced every aspects in general and the literature in particular. The emergence of a generation of modernist poets is also a result of these changes. Nazem Hekmat in Turkey and Abd-al-Wahhab al-Bayati in Iraq are two modern poems who introduced the modern verse to the literature of their countries. Nazam Hekmat won the peace prize and year 2000 was named after him. This paper is an attempt to investigate the probable interacting effects between these two poets.

Tawfiq al-Hakim, an Egyptian writer, is the son of a noble Turkish lady. He gave up studying law and turned to art and literature, and started writing plays from the early age. But his main works were written after his studies in France.Al-Hakim can be known as father of solid script writing and modern Arabic novel. Amongst his works, the most outstanding ones are his intenectual plays. Intellectual and reflective concerns, abstract characterization and atmosphere, brilliant dialogues, taking benefit from myth; and being highly affected by French symbolism are main characteristics of these plays.The Egyptian identity is the dominant aspect of Al-Hakim's works which is often demonstrated in his realism or romanticism. In Al-Hakim's fictive plays is the symbol of life and the opposite point for art and speculation, and she doesn't have a positive and noble role in his social plays. Al-Hakim who lived from the priod of protectoration to Anwar al-sadat's period, kept putting up with the central authority.He was never indifferent toward the modern trend in Europe and Arab world. He turned Brecht's epic theatre in to an Arabic theatre though he was not much successful in it: and took the European challenge for Nihilism by scripting a play on Nihilism; an proposed a third language for the conflict between classic and collequal languages.

Jubran's mysticism does not belong to a specific school. He drives his school of thought from holy books, i.e. ceuran. The new and old' Testaments, and Eastern mysticism and, and with a unitary perspective presents a kind of mysticism which all aspects of being. JUbran's mysticism is a natural one that is he considers all creatures moving toward perfection. He generalizes the famous hypothesis of "The Evolution of the spicies" which states that the fittest creatures will survive and evolve, to the spiritual domain.

"Igraq" which includes three subcategories of hyperbole, exaggeration, and overstatement is one of the important parts of speech has a special status in the literary criticism of Arabic and Persian languages, and the statement "the best poetry is the one with the least truth" points to this figure of speech. Referring to works such as plato's republican and poetic criticism of Aristotle and also works of Jahiz, Ibn-e Taba Taba, Sams-e Qeys, and Jorjani., this paper seeks to investigate the process of ighraq's shift and evolution.