Contemporary Psychology
Year:2018 | Volume:13 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:11

This study aims to examine the effect of worry on physiological and emotional response to negative emotional stimuli in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and normal individuals. This study was a semi-experimental research with pretest, post-test and control group. The experimental group included 41 participants with generalized anxiety disorder (21 in the group of relaxation induction and 20 in the group of worry induction) and 39 normal participants (19 in the group of relaxation induction and 20 in the group of worry induction). In this study, the participants were exposed to scary and sad movies films after induction of worry or relaxation and their reaction were assessed by positive and negetive affect questionnaire and the pulse oximetery equipment. The results showed that worry induction leads to decrease in heart rate and negative affect when faceing scary films. However relaxation induction leads to increase in negative affect in response to watching sad and scary clips (negative contrast avoidance). Aditionally worry led to more decrease in heart rate in response to scary films in GAD group (vs. normal group). It may concluded that worry facilitates avoidance of negative emotions processing by theway of preventing a negative emotional contrast.

In spite of remarkable advances in medical science, cancer has remained one of the most important disease of this century and the second leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Studies have shown that breast cancer is the most common type among women. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Hypnotherapy on Intrusive thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper-Arousal and Pain Severity in women with breast cancer. This study is based on multiple-base-line single case studies. In this way 3 women with breast cancer in accordance with inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected who were referred to Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital and participated in 10 sessions of Cognitive Hypnotherapy. The data were assigned into the Impact of Event Scale and Pain Severity Visual Scale was administered at pre-treatment, the 5th session, post-treatment, and 2-month follow-up. The data was analyzed using mean comparison and visual analysis. Data analysis indicated that Cognitive Hypnotherapy is associated with significant reductions on Intrusive thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper-Arousal and Pain Severity in women with breast cancer. Cognitive Hypnotherapy has a moderate effect on improving intrusive thoughts, Avoidance, Hyper-Arousal, and has been effective in reducing Pain Severity. This therapeutic changes also occurred during the two-month follow-up.

Caregiving in adult intimate relationships is one of the really important part of couples’ relation, but previous studies has paid less attention to it. The purpose of the present study was to predict the caregiving dimensions based on emotional intelligence components with the mediator role of self-esteem. 245 married men who were students at Shahid Beheshti universities participated in the study. All participants completed the Caregiving Questionnaire (CQ), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) and Bradberry & Greaves Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The results demonstrated that all components of emotional intelligence (except social awareness) had a significant effect on all caregiving dimensions with the mediator role of self-esteem (p<0. 001). It means that men with higher emotional intelligence had more self-esteem and reported more caregiving proximity and sensitivity. In contrast, men with lower emotional intelligence had lower self-esteem and reported more controlling and obsessive caregiving. Although the component of social awareness had not a significant effect on caregiving dimensions with mediator role of self-esteem, there were significant correlations between each two of these variables (p<0. 001). Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the caregiving is influenced by emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Therefore, enhancing the emotion intelligence and self-esteem can result in more effective caregiving (proximity and sensitivity).

The current research was aimed to investigate the relation between sleep quality (mental quality of sleep, sleep latent period, sleep duration, usefulness of sleep habits, sleep disruptors, hypnotics usage, and individuals' daily bad performance) and mental health and job burnout. 202 fire stations employees in Ahvaz were selected by simple random sampling method. Participants completed sleep quality, mental health, and job burnout questionnaires. The data was analyzed by simple correlation, enter and stepwise multivariate regression. The findings revealed that there is a significant relation between sleep quality and job burnout and mental health. Also, results showed that among subscales of sleep quality, mental quality of sleep was the best predictor of mental health, and daily performance interruption, the best predictor of job burnout. Considering the significant relationship between undesirable mental health with job burnout and low quality of sleep among employees, it is suggested that any intervention programs for preventing and reducing mental health problems, burnout and sleep quality among employees, should focus on reducing stressful work environment and sleep health training.

The current study investigated the effect of affective and cognitive empathy induction on couples’ behavior and outcomes in conflicts. The research design was experimental. The sample consisted of 48 couples who were selected based on convenience sampling method and assigned into experimental groups (cognitive empathy and emotional empathy) and control group randomly. In order to measure variables Batson and colleagues Writing Task, Interpersonal Reaction Index, and Relationship Network Questionnaire were administered. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that the induction of cognitive empathy would reduce "conflict escalation" and increase "other-oriented listening". But induction of emotional empathy did not affect the variables. Regression analysis showed that perceived support can predict more outcome fairness and satisfaction, and less "conflict escalation". It is concluded that induction of empathy for couples can increase positive behaviors and reduce negative behaviors during conflicts. Also when couples perceived support in the relationship, they feel better about the results of conflicts.

Adolescence is an important developmental period that is characterized by heightened problems of adjustment. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of parental psychological well-being and parent-child interactions in explaining social adjustment of female adolescent students. The research method was descriptive correlational and predictive equation. The statistical population of this study included all female students of secondary school in Rasht in the second semester of the academic year 2018 at approximately 1100 and among them, 273 female students and their parents were selected randomly by multistage cluster sampling method according to Morgan's table. Sin and Singh Student Adjustment questionnaire was completed by means of students and Reif psychological well-being and Fine et al parent-child relationship questionnaires were completed by means of parent. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The findings of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between parental psychological well-being and parent-child interactions with social adjustment in female students (P<0. 05). Also, hate / loss of mother's role is negative and self-acceptance, mother's communication, domination of environment, independence, positive emotions of the mother, and mother's identity are positive and in total, 50% of the changes in the social adjustment of female students are explained (P <0. 01). Based on this, it can be concluded that the psychological well-being of parents and the parent-child interactions play a role in social adjustment of female adolescent students.

The purpose of this study was to prediction of attitudes toward infidelity based on attachment behavior in couple relationships, marital quality relationship and attachment styles in married women. The descriptive-correlation method was used. The statistical population all married women of Tehran city in year 2018. According to convenience sampling 103 people were selected as samples and they were asked to fill in the attitudes toward infidelity scale, brief accessibility, responsiveness, and engagement scale, marital quality relationship scale and attachment styles. The data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. Findings showed that there was a significant correlation between attachment behavior in couple relationships, marital quality relationship and attachment styles with attitudes toward infidelity in married women (P<0/01). Regression analyses also revealed that secure attachment style (β = 0. 44), anxious ambivalent insecure attachment style (β = 0. 53), avoidant insecure attachment style (β = 0. 11) can predict attitudes toward infidelity in married women.

Marital commitment has been recognized as a significant factor in the development and continued stability of marriage and family. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of family function in the relationship between psychological basic needs, marital expectations and marital commitment. This was a correlational research based on structural equation modeling. 248 married women (age 25-50) in abhar city who participated in family education classes were selected by random sampling and completed Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (BNSG-S), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Marital Expectations (MEQ) and Marital Commitment Questionnaires (MCQ). The results showed a significantly positive correlation between psychological basic needs and marital expectations with marital commitment. Correlation between family function and marital commitment was significant and negative. Also, psychological basic needs and family function was correlated and significantly negative. The path analysis results showed that marital expectations directly affect marital commitment. Psychological basic needs both directly and indirectly affect marital commitment through family function. It also was cleared that family function is effective on marital commitment. The research model was confirmed. So, it can be concluded that the relationship between psychological basic needs and marital expectations whit marital commitment is not liner and family function could moderate this relationship.