Journal of Family Research
Year:2009 | Volume:5 | Issue:2 (18)|Papers Count:10

Self-handicapping (S.H.) is defined as an act of claiming or creating obstacles to provide explanation for subsequent outcomes. Self handicapping has two forms: behavioral and claimed. This behavior may be impacted by parenting styles. The aim of the present study is to investigate the impacts of perceived parenting style on S. H. An ex-post facto method is applied targeting a sample of undergraduate students at Shahid Beheshti University. The sample consists of at least 30 subjects in each parenting style group, reaching a total number of 184 (95 females) who completed Self-handicapping scale and Perceived Parenting Style Questionnaire. MANOVA shows that the total score of S. H. and the score of behavioral type of S. H. were significantly higher among those with an authoritarian parenting style. An interaction is also found between gender and parenting style in self handicapping, indicating that the claimed S. H. was more evident among girls in authoritative parenting style, while in authoritarian parenting style the claimed S. H. is higher in boys. These results indicate that affection and control seem to impact self-handicapping.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship and predictability of parenting styles in the formation of real-self, ideal-self, and ought-self, as well as the actual-ideal (AI) discrepancy and actual-ought (AO) discrepancy in male and female university students. 263 students (127 females) were chosen using accessible sampling and completed questionnaires of parenting styles scale and self-discrepancy. Results reveal that there was a significant relationship between different types of self scores and the dimensions of warmth and rejection, as well as freedom and control. Regression analysis shows that authoritarian and neglecting parenting styles are more likely to predict the types of selves and their discrepancies. The correlation between real and ideal self formation was negative. It is also revealed that there is a negative relationship between ought-self and authoritarian parenting style while a positive relationship is found between ought-self and neglecting parenting styles. Furthermore, the authoritarian parenting style can predict AI and AO discrepancies in negative and positive modes, respectively. The quality of relationships, especially parent-child relationships and the role of parenting styles on self-formation based on sociability process, are then discussed.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate primary psychometric properties of the Persian version of children's depression inventory. 407 students, 234 boys and 173 girls, aged between 12 and 14 served as the subjects of this study. They were selected through multi-stage random cluster sampling.The sampling group completed Children Depression Inventory, children Depression Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. Results show the total CDI Test-retest reliability and internal consistency to be 0.82 and 0.83 respectively. Also, the correlation coefficients between CDI and Children Depression Scale and Beck Depression Inventory were respectively 0.79 and 0.87 (p<0.01), which indicate a satisfactory convergent validity for CDI. Confirmatory factor analysis results show five factor model of CDI fit in the Iranian sample. MANOVA results indicate that on average the total score of depression for girls was significantly higher than the one for boys. Furthermore, the total average depression for subjects aged 14 was significantly higher than the one for 12 year olds.

This study is an analysis of the child safety research literature in Iran. Accidents are the most important causes of mortality and morbidity among children in Iran. The study intends to find answers to questions such as "what is the rate of various types of children's accidents in Iran?", "what are the causes of these accidents?" and "what sorts of education have been implemented in the country?" The study shows that while children fewer than 5 are more in danger of burning, poisoning and falling, those over 5 are more vulnerable to street accidents.There are very few studies on the causes of children's accidents, which suggest that dangerous home environment and parents’ level of education play a role in children’s accidents. There are some educational safety programs for children at school and on the T.V. However, there is no systematic approach to child safety at the public level. There are some books on child safety for parents, but they are not sufficient at all. Generally speaking, the safety of children has not been dealt with as an important issue whether in academic settings or among policy-makers.

This study aims to assess the hierarchy of marital values among the Iranian youth. A sample of 2680 Iranian university and high school students of both genders completed the Marital Value Scale developed by the researcher, reflecting dimensions of embeddedness versus autonomy, and hierarchy versus egalitarianism. Findings show that in the hierarchy of Iranian youth marital values, autonomy and egalitarianism dimensions rank higher in comparison with the two dimensions of embedded ness and hierarchy.Although residents in Tehran, compared with those residing in other provinces, expectedly rank higher in autonomy and egalitarianism, their emphasis on inequality of power distribution and marital roles result in their concern for the hierarchy dimension of marital values.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of premarital education on martial expectations of college students. The research procedure is quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and control group. The statistical population consists of students who studied in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. A sample of 207 students volunteered in this research and completed the marital expectations questionnaire. Then 92 students who gained higher scores in this questionnaire were selected and randomly allocated in experimental and control groups. The results were analyzed with SPSS software. They show that premarital education improves marital expectations (P<0/0001). Also premarital education improves martial expectation components including expectation of spouse as a friend and supporter (P<0/0001), expectation of marital life (P<0/0001), expectation of ideal relationship (P<0/0001). Educational effects were not different among boys and girls.

According to the Iranian rules, divorce is within the jurisdiction of the husband, and only in special cases is the wife entitled to request divorce from the court, which is called ‘judicial divorce". The issue that matters in the discussion of judicial divorce is its nature; which may bring different effects. There is a disagreement about the nature of judicial divorce; some believe that it is a revocable divorce while some others consider it as irrevocable. The arguments of both sides indicate significant and fundamental flaws.The third viewpoint presented proportionate to the characteristics of judicial divorce in this paper is that this kind of divorce is to be considered as ‘irrevocable in kind’.This viewpoint not only removes the defects of the previous opinions, but also offers a fundamental step towards the protection of the family structure, the preservation of women rights and the prevention of probable abuse by men. 

In the past two decades, the concept of women's status has been expanded from education and socioeconomic status to include women's access to control over resources and decision making within the household. It is true that if both spouses participate in a decision, a better outcome may result. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of employment of women in the decision making power within the household. The statistical sample size is 300 married women (100 employed and 200 housewives). They were selected through random sampling method in the city of Dareh Shahr in the province of Ilam. The research is of a survey type, using descriptive and analytical methods. Data are collected via questionnaires, and a Likert type scale is applied. The statistical analysis of data is based on T-test and analysis of variance.Results indicate that the decision making power within household is vividly notable among employed women. Also, they show a significant relationship between women employment and an increase in the power of economically related decisions, the way of training children, determining the number of inborn children, the way of spending leisure time activity, and an increase in the socio-political participation. As the results indicate, there is no significant relationship between women employment and visiting family relatives. In addition, there is a significant, relationship between the dependent variables and independent variables.