Populus euphratica Oliv. Distribute naturally in vast regions of Iran and is native species in arid and semi arid areas. Geographical and climatical diversity of this species in distributed area in different sites results in the morphological and genetic variation between trees. In order to study genetic diversity between male and female trees, protein evalution )SDS-PAGE( was conducted on 44 leaf extracts samples of 11 natural provenances that were different in environmental factors like elevation, longitude and latitude. Leaf protein bands for male and female in studied provenences was shown on gel and each band position was located by related mobility. In total 22 separated bands were appeared on gel with different mobility. The results of protein bands showed that male and female trees contain different patterns at different distances, whereas male trees had more bands than female trees. Also result of principal components analysis (PCA) showed differences between male and female trees. Grouping of P. euphratica provenances showed that, provenances of east and south classified in different groups. Also provenences of Golfa in North west classified in different group. In spite of the correlation between geographical distance and genetic distance among all provenances (P=0.07) this correlation statistically was not significant.