BAGH-E NAZAR
Year:2020 | Volume:17 | Issue:84 |Papers Count:7

Problem statement: From the perspective of modern sciences, fractal knowledge is a study of self-similar and self-organized structures that are the conceptual core of understanding nature’ s geometry. From a mathematical viewpoint, nature follows fractal rules to create different forms. In this rationale, a direct interaction between architecture and fractals can be proposed. Research objective: This research, by posing questions about how fractal geometry is applied, explains the geometric laws of nature in the process of self-organizing in form-based architecture. Research method: This applied research employs the method of correlation in applying geometries according to fractal properties conducting a qualitative, phenomenological view. In this study, seven stages are explained in fractal geometry as a form-based structure. These stages in form-finding, the hierarchy of connections, and geometric progressions provide a credible process in the application of fractal geometry to architecture. In addition, an architecture inspired by principles of nature’ s geometry is based on three laws and functions in structure as described by the research: the law of self-similarity, the law of self-organization, and the law of unity. To validate these laws, three buildings are selected from the Gothic, Art Nouveau, and traditional Persian architecture periods, according to fractal properties. Fractal rules are analyzed in the evaluation of these structures using a comparative-descriptive model. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that fractal geometry has been incorporated into the structure, elements composition, and aesthetic concepts of ornamentation in the architecture of these edifices. Inspired by nature’ s geometry, laws of proportions, rhythm, and self-similar forms, these architectural structures have created a wide range of fractal patterns, generating internal connections and external unification among the structural elements and architectural forms.

Problem statement: Recognition and perception of contemporary Art-works including conceptual art as the first postmodern art movement can only be understood in the light of George Dickie’ s institutional theory George Dickie by introducing the fundamental components of his institutional theory such as artifact, artworld and granting the artistic dignity to a work, opens way for the arrival of pre-made and readymade works to the art field. The conceptual artist such as Marcel Duchamp, Barbara Kruger, Keith Arnatt and other similar artists although might create artworks lacking aesthetic qualities, but since the world of art-which George Dickey says is composed of “ Artists, Museums, Art critics, Educators, and so on”-gives these works the competency of granting artistic dignity and, as a result, they known as artworks. Research objectives: The purpose of this paper is to adapt the fundamental components of the George Dickie’ s institutional theory to the artworks of some conceptual artists. Hypothesis: Since many artworks created by conceptual artists correspond to components such as artworld, artifact and the nature of artwork in the targeted institutional theory, so it would be possible to analyze and adapt the philosophy of such work to the institutional theory of George Dickey. Research method: The research work is performed by a descriptive-analytical method. Conclusion: In George Dickie’ s viewpoint, the characteristics of artifact and artworld are fully compatible with the artworks of conceptual art. In fact, there is nothing in the essence of a creature or work that be able to makes it an artwork, but rather it is the artistic dignity that matters here, which can be fulfilled by components like artworld. Therefore, from this point of view, all artistic theories which are based on the aesthetics` qualities and characteristics are challenged, and thereupon the concept of good art or bad art will become out of value.

Problem Statement: The revitalization of the “ garden” as a symbol of a permanent relationship with nature, requires recognition of the Persian Garden’ s geometry. The people who have previously experienced the garden with its main function, have drawn pictures of the garden, and the investigation of their works can give us a complete perception of the garden’ s geometry. Purpose of the study: The current study aimed at explain the geometry of the “ Dargazine gardens” in Matrakî ’ s miniature. Obviously, the provision of this geometry does not necessarily mean the use of the same geometry in the present setting in the same form, and it is only the indication of a part of the human-nature relationship’ s history. Hopefully, this path would continue with the aid of the past people’ s efforts and experiences. Research Methodology: The present study employed the historical interpretation method with exploratory approach. This study seeks to answer this question “ what are the features of the garden’ s geometry in the time and place in which the miniature has been drawn? ” . Conclusion: The information of the miniature was retrieved in two levels. The cultivation system, the irrigation and fair division of land, architectural components of buildings, and the geographical orientation and slope can be perceived by the first glance. However, the measures adopted for the welfare, comfort, and security can be obtained through further analysis of the placement of the neighborhoods, the entrance gates gates, planning of different trees, and the water passage and supply forms.

Problem statement: In the evolution of higher education complexes, there has always been a combination of indoor and outdoor spaces, and many examples of this can be seen in Iran, European, American and Asian countries. Research shows that college campuses have a significant impact on creating quality educational environments and can help create a sense of attachment to higher education institutions. However, the design of university campuses in Iran is often based on predetermined designs without considering the behaviors and needs of users of such spaces. Identifying and evaluating students’ needs and desires and the reasons for their use / non-use of academic spaces can help create meaningful spaces. Research objective: This study attempts to revise the design of university campuses based on behavioral studies. The case study is the campus of Babol Noshirvani University of Technology. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that influence campus design and strategic management of the campus in a way that impacts students’ use of campus spaces (Noshirvani University of Technology) and increase their desirability for static and social activities. Research method: The selected methodology is qualitative and based on observations and perceptions of behaviors and interviews with students. Conclusion: The results show that the maximum activity occurs in the green spaces and paths between faculties. Quiet spaces are more desirable for activities such as study and concentration. Considering the locations where furniture is installed and designing different types of furniture based on student activities and the climate can increase the desirability and effective use of students in campus open spaces. In this regard, paying attention to the design of the edges can play an effective role in university campuses located in dense urban spaces.

Problem statement: It is essential to be regenerated the timeworn and inefficacious textures that have been lowered their efficacy relative to other their peripheral textures. And one of the policies in this case, is performing the development catalyst projects. In summary, development catalyst project is one of the recent approaches in literature of urban regeneration in Iran and world that by their appropriate location around texture are restored and developed the development catalyst projects that are localized in. Research objective: The purposes of this research are determining the location indices of development catalyst projects with emphasis on physical matters and locating the arenas that have potential to define the development catalyst projects in district 2 of area 18 in Tehran. Research Method: This research is applied and research method is descriptive-analytical. Method of gathering information includes providing the questionnaire, library studies, field observations. AHP technic has been used in location section by GIS software. Conclusion: The results show that there are different indices such as population and building density, quality and antiquity of structures, culture and literacy level in society, mixing and various applications and activities and … to location of development catalyst projects with emphasis on physical aspects that have extracted from scholar’ s viewpoints. Also by employment of these indices for locating the arenas that have potential to define the development catalyst projects in problematic textures in district 2 of area 18 in Tehran, 3. 99 hectares (14. 04%) from timeworn texture in this range have the least potential for formation of development catalyst projects (western sector of problematic texture in district 2), and in contrast, 9. 66 hectares (34%) of this range have most potential to perform the development catalyst projects (eastern sector of district 2), and the most appropriate arenas to locate have located in central sector and Shahid Rajaii and Sadeghia districts.

Problem Statmen: The hermeneutic phenomenology is the establishing of a relationship of Being. How these relations can be manifested in a human being in the world is one of the most important concerns of philosophers, including Heidegger-the famous German philosopher. Purpose of the Study: This paper intends to provide an interpretation of phenomenology that can be considered and implemented in the design process. After fully description of hermeneutic phenomenology that is specifically identified with Heidegger’ s ideas, we further clarify this notion by elucidating five certain steps from it that include: Temporality, Establishing a meaningful relationship with the triple extent of temporality, Establishing a relationship of Being between human and phenomena, Establishing the hermeneutical relationship, and Disclosedness. Reserch Methodology: Then, through the case study method, we evaluate three sample products to interpret the steps extracted from this approach. In the following, by presenting a model, we illustrate the relationship between the phenomenological approach and the design process, the way it is applied, and its generalizability in the process. The triple extent of temporality (factuality, presence, and futurity) forms the central core of this model. Finally, we analyze another product to test the proposed model. Conclusin: The result of this paper makes it clear that the phenomenological approach not only can use in product design, but also the case studies show that the use of this method has been able to influence on the success of the user’ s interaction with the product during the industrial design history.