BAGH-E NAZAR
Year:2009 | Volume:6 | Issue:11|Papers Count:10

The stylistics of Iranian architecture is still problematic.The architectural style of Shirvan had been one of the Islamic types in the north of Azerbaijan which has not yet been well presented in Iran. In accordance with sociocultural policies of the former USSR, furthermore, Islamic architecture in the Republic of Azerbaijan has been analyzed neither together with Iranian art and history nor Islamic culture. Surveying the architectural relics of the Shirvan Style, which is coined as the architectural style of Nizami of Ganja era, presents impressions of the both Sassanid patterns and style of Islamic architecture from Khorasan. By this article, the author presents three typical features of the Shirvan Style:1. Usage of cut stone masonry to make interior and exterior façades up; which is derived from Sassanid architecture.2. Designing of plain and rectangular plans without Iwan and arcades; this is derived from square dome fire temples of Sassanid era.3. Attaching a high minaret closed to mosque or hospice (abbey) which is derived from the Islamic style of architecture in Sel j uki d Khor asan.

The stylization order of the tile works of Ibrahim- Khan Complex in Kerman is one of the rare samples in Iranian manner of stylization which is affected by both European and Iranian elements. In this order, also, the craftsmen have used native and local elements. Of these, partridges, blossom bushes and flora of Kerman are obvious. Such motifs are used at Kerman carpets as well. In compare with of Ottoman tile works, it is notable that such art works are affected by Iranian art of decorations. The stylization at the Ibrahim- Khan complex in Kerman, moreover, presents combination of Iranian geometric traditional manner with European manner of plasticsim and shading. In addition to harmony, Design and variety in both motif function and coloring has established the complex of Ibrahim-Khan in Kerman as one of the glorious Qajar monuments.This article has presented an analytical view of naturalism in decorative arts in Kerman during the Qajar dynasty.

Among different natural elements, water and plants are the most important ones. They usually influence the other natural elements. If they are carefully taken into consideration at the time of environmental design, a more qualified sustainable living space could be developed which could result in an economic saving as well.Meanwhile, it is important to be familiar with the different conceptual, functional and esthetic aspects of the mentioned elements to be able to organize them in a better way. Herein, the wise combination of water and plants in the Persian gardens is a remarkable example of its kind which crystallizes a sustainable design with respect to the above aspects.This paper investigates the importance of water, trees and flowers –as the leading environmental factors- in Islamic documents in addition to some gnostics viewpoints. The position of these elements in the Persian gardens is discussed afterwards.The results show that the Persian garden has a wise, philosophical design concept in which the environmental factors such as water and plants are arranged, not only to provide people with their physical needs (Functional and Esthetic aspects), but also to prepare them with a metaphysical and intellectual space (Conceptual aspect).These qualities have made the Persian gardens survive over the centuries, while harnessing a great cooperative relationship with nature.

This paper tries to illustrate the historical elongingness of the Persian Gulf to Iran and its attachment to the Persian culture through the archeological studies.In this regard, five historic documents from ancient Iran including the Khark Island known as the biggest island in the north of the gulf, historic harbor of Siraf, the margin of Borazjan City, and Goordokhtar in the north part of the Persian Gulf will be introduced based on Sarafraz’s archeological reports.Afterwards, with a comparison of these documents with other historical and cultural documents from the Iranian culture, the dependency of these parts to Iran will be shown as well as being ‘Persian’ through the true evidences.This article is the result of a study based on traces, evidences and archeological findings in Boshehr Provience region which verifies the sings of settlements in the ancient time in this part of the coast known as the Persian Gulf.

A huge rock cut panel like that with Iran’s folklore is emanated from traditions, customs, and beliefs which have a heritage as long as history. Among numerous elements of the public culture, fetish has a broad attendance in general public’s life. These elements consist of stones, plants, animals, talismans, and devotions which have extraordinary magical power; and have become significant as functional and effectual objects in people’s life affairs.This study intends to record these objects, and reveal the effect of these beliefs on the art of Iran, especially on the paintings of Saqakhane style, by giving pickings of them, with the aim of investigating Iran’s folklore, and introducing them as a pure and untainted culture with an emphasis on the fetish feature. The hypotheses of this study are based on the fact that magical objects, talismans, and devotions, as a belief, have formed part of the public’s life so far, and could be effectual in artists’ paintings as cultural elements of their time, for generating symbolic and meaningful works.

Darabgerd that, somehow, may be considered as the initial capital of Sasanian Kingdom, could most probably be counted as the first experience of establishment of a city with circular plan, in the sought of Iran. The example which has later been imitated in the city of Ardashir Khure.According to the geography writers and historians, the foundation of the city has been placed at the time of Darius the Great (522–486 BC), in Achaemenian Kingdom. Historical sources certify that the Darabgerd of Sasanian era (224–651 AD) was a city with an approximate area of 203 to 314 hectares, which was protected by a very high circular rampart and also a deep trench. The governmental citadel which is located at the top of a dome-shaped mountain isolated in the city centre, and possible made the observation of any movements within the city and also in the Darab plain. These resources also made it clear that life in Darabgerd had continued for centuries even after the fall of Sasanians. However, today only ruins of this vast city have remained.Although it is more than a century that archaeological activities take place in the country, no comprehensive study has been made to clarify the form and function of the spaces in Darabgerd. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to picture the revived era of this unique city of ancient Iran, by careful study of its general and spatial characteristics relying on the available historical resources.

The evidences of Achaemenid architecture in Iran's present boundaries are numerous palaces which are scattered in parts of Fars and Bushehr provinces.In most of ancient archeology and architectural probes special confirmation have been on the manner of scattering, the particularities of architectural structure and embossed designs, and with no special concerns about the engineering's approaches and architectural designing of different parts of the buildings.he present researches are an effort to investigate the chnical approach with engineering analysis of hotoconductivity and air-conditioning system of Takht- Jamshid monuments. On this plan, after performing the udies on libraries scale, and investigating the past istory of research, using 3DMAX software's and three imension designed models, we have started to nvestigate the issue.The results obtained from this research indicates that the optical and air-conditioning systems of the council halls and the other similar Monitory estate house contrary to the ancient designs, were in a lateral shape.In a shape that the difference in the attained height of the exterior and interior walls of these palaces provided a suitable condition for Photoconductivity from the sides of the walls by installing some windows on the top of it.