Journal of Isfahan Dental School
Year:2018 | Volume:14 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:16

Introduction: Traumatic dental injuries and malocclusion are reasons for pain and discomfortness in children and because of close relationship between child and the family these effects are reflected in family. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of traumatic dental injuries with occlusion status on quality of life of preschool children aged 3-5 and their families in Isfahan.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive and analytical study which is cross-sectional, the parents of 295 children (in both gender) in 4 district of Isfahan education department filled quality of life questionnaire. Also an evaluating questionnaire was filled out by a trained person. The information of occlusion status, traumatic dental injuries and quality of life, was calculated by using SPSS version 20, descriptive and analytical statistical indexes and by correlation between qualitive and quantitive variables were analyzed by Chie-square, Mann-Whitney, T-test, One way ANOVA and LSD.Results: Most of injured children (54.1%) had middle quality of life but most of none injured children (81.7%) had good quality of life. Oral health related quality of life in injured was significantly lower none injured (p value<0.001). The quality of life’s mean in Distal Step group was significantly lower than other groups (p value=0.01). The luxation and fracture injuries mean both decrease the quality of life. There is not a significant difference between fracture and luxation injuries in lowering the quality of life (p value=0.904) Conclusion: Result of this study showed that dental trauma and malocclusion are causes of decreasing quality of life of children and their families. Age, gender, economical and educational factors did not have any correlation of trauma and malocclusion.

Introduction: Todays in human and animal researchs addressing the ethical principles is more, but still less attention is dental researchs. The aim of this study to evaluate compliance with ethical codes at professional theses of Isfahan dental school done in a period of 15 years (2001-2015).Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study that was performed on 300 thesis of dental college, at first a checklist of ethics codes in working with human and animal subjects was prepared and in next level theses information was gathered by this checklist and valuated with Two-way analysis of variance and least significant difference test (LSD)(a=0.05).Results: A total of 70 on human study, in 38 cases (%54.2) written consent and in 10 cases (%14.2) oral consent was obtained. In 46 cases (%65.7) subjects were enrolled voluntarily and in 18 cases (%25.7) had consciousness about the power to withdraw from the study at any time. In 20 cases (%52.6) had been referred to the compensation. A total of 51 on animal studies (%46.5) of ethical codes was compliance and in 36 cases (%70.5) of donor organizations were mentioned.Conclusion: Although the general trend comply with ethical codes in residential studies is improving but it seems that there is a long way to achieve the ethical principles in human and animal studies.

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease with microbial etiology; furthermore Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia, considering Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus that can lead to candidiasis infection; The aim of this study is to comparing the average number of colonies of candida albicans in gingival sulcus fluid in diabetic and non-diabetic patient with chronic periodontitis.Materials & Methods: This case control study included 60 patient aged 40-60 years that leave in 4 group composed 15 individuals each group: healthy subjects, diabetic without periodontitis, non-diabetic with periodontitis and diabetic with periodontitis patients. Samples were acquired using sterile paper points from gingival sulcus and centrifuged, then cultured on chrome agar medium and incubated. Number of colonies were counted and analyzed with ANOVA and LSD tests.Results: Counting number of colonies in different groups showed, in healthy subjects, 33.3 percent with mean 4.2 colonies and in diabetic patients without periodontitis, 66 percent with mean 13 colonies of candida albicans were grew; whereas other two groups presented candida albicans in all samples and the highest mean of colonies was found in diabetic with chronic periodontitis and non-diabetic with chronic periodontitis, 80.5 and 37.8 respectively. The average number of colonies of candida albicans was Statistical difference between groups (p value<0.001).Conclusion: The result of this present study showed that accompaniment periodontitis and diabetes can doubled influence in increase average number of colonies of candida albicans in gingival crevicular fluid.

Introduction: Periopathogens can be found in healthy subjects, too, but in areas with periodontal disease they are found in greater numbers. In the oral cavity, there are multiple mechanisms for the effect of smoking on the host‒bacteria interaction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of smoking and periodontitis on subgingival periopathogens.Materials & Methods: In this study, 33 patients aged 25-65 years with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis and 33 periodontallyhealthy subjects aged 25-65 years were selected.There were 11 smokers, 11 passive smokers and 11 non-smokers in each group. After periodontal examinations, GCF samples were collected from the deepest pocket of each quadrant and sent to the laboratory. The bacterial colony counts were determined and recorded. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD tests (a=0.05).Results: Periodontitis (p value<0.001) and smoking (p value<0.001) had significant effects on P. gingivalis colony counts. Also, P. intermedia colony counts were significantly affected by both periodontitis (p value<0.001) and smoking (p value<0.001). Furthermore, F. nucleatum colony counts were significantly affected by periodontitis (p value<0.001) and smoking status (p value<0.001).Conclusion: Smoking (active and passive) had significant effects on the colony counts of P.i., F.n. and P.g. colonies in periodontitis.

Introduction: In orthodontic treatment a proper bond is essential between the enamel and the bracket. Evaluation of the efficacy of different adhesives for bonding orthodontic brackets to enamel has yielded different results. This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of metal brackets bonded by Transbond XT, Ortho-Force and Resilience composites.Materials& Methods: Sixty extracted intact upper maxillary first premolars were selected for the purpose of this in vitro study. The teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n=20). The teeth were bonded with were bonded with Transbond XT, Resilience and Ortho-Force composites in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. After 24 hours, shear bond strength test was conducted at a crosshead speed of 0.05 mm/min. ARI scores were evaluated under a stereomicroscope. The results of shear bond strength test were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. ARI results were analyzed with chi-squared test (a=0.05).Results: Shear bond strengths were significantly different between the three groups (p value<0.001). Transbond XT composite exhibited the highest bond strength (15.26 MP) and Ortho-Force composite had the lowest bond strength (11.96 MP). There were no statistically significant differences in ARI between the three groups p value=0.561).Conclusion: Although the mean shear bond strength of Ortho-Force composite was less than the two other composites, it is still clinically acceptable.

Introduction: Evidence-based dentistry (EBD) is an approach to preserve the oral health through proper integration of scientific evidence and oral and medical conditions of the patient, clinical skills of the dentist, and the priorities of the patient. This research was conducted to study the awareness, self-assessed knowledge, and attitude towards EBD among dental students of the International Branch of Gilan University of Medical Sciences.Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, EBD questionnaires were distributed among 95 dental students. The questions included tree parts of awareness, self-assessed knowledge and attitude towards EBD. After collecting the questionnaires, data were analyzed with the statistical software.Results: A total of 82 students completed the questionnaires (a response rate of 86%). In the section on awareness of EBD, 62.2% of the subjects showed intermediate level, 26.8% had poor level and only 11% exhibited good level of awareness. In the section on knowledge about EBD, half of the students had poor knowledge, 41.5% showed average level, and only 7.3% exhibited good level of knowledge. In assessing the attitudes, 56.1% showed average, 42.7% exhibited good, and only 1.2% had poor attitude towards EBD.Conclusion: Despite good attitude and average level of awareness towards EBD, level of knowledge and ability of practical use is poor and a practical educational plan is needed.

Introduction: To date, no data have been reported on the demographics of implants placed in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. The aim of this study was to collect data systematically from implant records and construct a database to improve access to them.Materials& Methods: In this descriptive study, all the patient records were reviewed from September 2012 to September 2016. The data in the records was extracted in terms of the demographic medical history, surgical, prosthetic and follow-up factors. Finally, data were analyzed with SPSS 23, using descriptive statistical methods.Results: A total of 640 patients have received 1890 dental implants, with 70.5% of the implants placed in the 41‒70-year age group and the greatest number of implants inserted in the posterior mandible (37.2%) and the first molar region. Bone augmentation procedures were performed in 50.5% of implants, with the highest incidence in the anterior maxilla. The most commonly used bone material was Cerabone and the most commonly used membranes were Osseoguard and Cytoplast.In addition, the most commonly used implant brand was Zimmer. Regarding dimensions of the implants, a diameter of 4.1 mm and a length of 12 mm were most often utilized. Bone-level implants (59.5%) were used more frequently than tissue-level implants (40.5%).Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the majority of patients referring to the Implant Department of Isfahan Dental School are over 50 years of age and bone augmentation techniques are also used in over 50% of cases.

Introduction: In order to achieve the most effective treatment outcome with the least cost, awareness of the appropriate timing of orthodontic interventions is important, especially for general dental practitioners as the first ring of the therapeutic chain. Orthodontic treatments should be carried out at the right time to achieve a favorable outcome and save time and expenses for patients. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of general dentists of the favorable time for orthodontic treatments.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, data were collected from 100 dental practitioners in Isfahan through a randomized questionnaire containing 24 questions. The questions were classified into four categories: primary dentition, early mixed dentition, late mixed dentition and permanent dentition. The mean of the collected data was analyzed using LSD tests (a=0.05) in terms of university and different graduation times. The normal distribution of data was assessed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kruskal-Wallis tests (a=0.05).Results: The mean knowledge score of the dentists was 14.77 (out of 24 score). Graduates of the 2000s gained the highest scores (with a mean score of 15.26), followed by those of the 1990s (mean score=14.46) and before the 1980s (mean score=13.40). Moreover, the knowledge of graduates from the governmental universities was higher than others with an average score of 15.63, followed by the graduates of Isfahan University (a mean score of 15.27), Azad University (a mean score of 14.75) and universities abroad (a mean score of 11.83), which were significantly different from each other.Conclusion: The knowledge of dentists was moderate; therefore, it is necessary to promote their knowledge.

Introduction: Depression is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, with a heavy socioeconomic burden on the society. Dental caries, too, is a prevalent disease and is related with many factors such as the socioeconomic and demographic statuses of the family. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal depression and the child’s dental caries.Materials & Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was performed using two-step sampling in a dental clinic and a football school in Isfahan in summer, 2017. Ninety children under 12 years of age were examined to record the number of decayed, missing/extracted or filled deciduous (dmft) and permanent (DMFT) teeth. Their mothers were asked to answer Beck inventory for determining their depression score. The relationship between maternal depression and caries statuswas investigated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the mean dmft and DMFT scores were compared among different levels of maternal depression using ANOVA, followed by post hoc Tukey tests (a=0.05).Results: The mean depression score of mothers was 7.38 ± 2.41 and the means of dmft and DMFT were 2.89 ± 2.13 and 0.69 ± 1.03, respectively. An increase in the maternal depression score was correlated with a significant increase in dmft of children. The only significant item in comparison of dmft among maternal depression groups was a higher dmft in children who had mothers with 17‒30 score compared to the 0-10 score group.Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between maternal depression and dmft and DMFT of children, and the relationship was stronger for deciduous teeth. Furthermore, mothers with higher levels of depression, who needed psychological consultation, had children with higher dmft.

Introduction: Measurement of child anxiety during dental treatment is a challenge during the procedure. Several questionnaires have been developed to assess child anxiety, some of which are pictorial to facilitate their application in children. The aim of the current study was to evaluate validity of new RMS pictorial questionnaire and to compare it with previous scales, including Venham Picture Test (VPT) and Facial Image Scale (FIS), to assess child dental anxiety during their first visit in a dental office.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 10 children in Shiraz in 2016, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The children's anxiety was evaluated by RMS-PS, VPT and FIS questionnaires. To assess reliability, questionnaires were given to the children at a two-week interval. Data were analyzed with t-test and regression correlation test (a=0.05).Results: Age and gender had no effect on children's anxiety, but in the presence of preoperative pain, anxiety was significantly higher. RMS had a moderate (r=0.622) and significant (p value<0.001) correlation with VPT questionnaire and a good (r= 0.700) and significant (p value<0.001) correlation with the FIS questionnaire. In addition, the relationship between FIS and VPT questionnaires was moderate (r= 0.623) and significant (p value<0.001).Conclusion: The results showed that RMS questionnaire is not reliable. However, it was valid compared to FIS and VPT questionnaires. Therefore, RMS can be used to indicate child dental anxiety as a proper tool.

Introduction: All parts of the temporal bone might be pneumatized by mastoid air cells. The aim of this study was to determine of the prevalence of pneumatized articular eminence of the temporal bone on CBCT scans.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive analytical study, 150 CBCT scans were evaluated for the presence or absence of pneumatization of articular eminence and other data such as age, sex and the involved side for each case were recorded in special datasheets. Data were analyzed with SPSS 20, using chi-squared test.Results: Pneumatized articular eminence (PAT) was observed in 9 cases (6%). The prevalence of PAT in males was 33.3%, with 66.7% in females, with no statistically significant differences. Unilateral involvement was more prevalent than the bilateral form. In seven patients (77.8%) PAT was multilocular, and two patients (22.2%) with PAT exhibited unilocular form on the scans.Conclusion: Prevalence of PAT is higher than what has been reported to date; it has been reported less frequently due to the absence of clinical symptoms and signs.