ISLAMIC REVOLUTION STUDIES
Year:2017 | Volume:14 | Issue:49 |Papers Count:10

In the paper, Ayatollah Khamenei`s view on the what of revolution has been studied. the questions of the paper consist in: what is his definition of revolution and Islamic revolution and what distinction is made by him with regard to other definitions and descriptions in the field? At first, current views in the field have been presented and then his definition has been explained. As is concluded in the study, some cases of distinction and resemblance may be found in Ayatollah Khamenei`s definition with regard to others`. The resemblance lies in foundational consideration of revolution and main distinction in revolution state of being in perpetual movement. The movement, for him, is possible only on the basis of Islamic teachings and foundations

Major revolutions, in addition to socio-political changes in a country, cause changes in the structure of international relations and behavior of main players in the world order. On this basis, major revolutions cause some states of revolutionary and anti revolutionary states in international order. Presenting particularities of major revolutions, this paper claims that with a study of international qualities of the four revolutions of France, Russia, China and Iran known among major modern revolutions, some measures and rules will be recognized for knowing and distinguishing them. Of the cases, Islamic Revolution as being based upon spirituality and religion has been placed in a particular position so that after four decades from its appearance it is of considerable regional and international effects and consequences. Extended current political changes in the countries of the west of Asia may be taken as proof for the claim.

In this study it has been tried to present an analysis on the effects and consequences of IRI`s high educatin system toward the purposes of Islamic Revolution with regard to the highest documents of IRI including vision statement, complete scientific map and Islamic-Iranian model of progress and the method for studying manners and grounds of actions in four parts: science and technology introduction, developing and publishing knowledge and value and socialization in the world. The most notable consequences of IRI in the future with regard to its purposes may be counted as presenting good picture of IR, scientific authority, scientific power and foundation of Islamic civilization, developing human sources, lasting improvement of the area of education and omitting every case of ill-education in educational system, attractiveness, issuing IR, being taken as a model, political legality, creating new spaces, reviving religious identity, developing Islam.

In the paper, it has been intended to study USA policy to nationalization of the Iranian oil industry and neuclear energy comparatively. The question of the study is as: does USA policy to nationalization of the Iranian oil industry have been the same or not? As explained in the paper, USA policy in the field has been moving from a somewhat active state to an active and thorough state of opposition. The paper, studying USA policy during the period including the two cases, studies the measures of USA states involved in the cases. The base of study lies in paying attention to resemblances and distinctions of social phenomena and political thoughts. The conclusion of the study may be useful in measures made by offices of IRI foreign policy and in their manner of measuring in performing Barjam.

As Islamic Revolution appeared in Iran, regional countries became frightened of establishing a system of government based on Islamic teachings; they, therefore, took the form of a united enemy and plotted against Iran. With happening the war against Iran it has been made necessary for political parties and currents to announce their posion against war. Nehzat-e Azadi as a well-known party of that time is of those parties which its position on the war is of particular important. The main perpose of the paper, therefore, lies in its position and manner of behavior to the war and leaders of IRI. As is understood, this party emphasized on peace and distorted truths of the event and tried to give a bad expression of Imam Khomeini and his view of guardianship of Faqih. Agains such a misleading position, leaders of IRI presented their views in the field. Their views have been studied here.

USA has intervened in political, economical and cultural affairs of Iran since the Second World War. As argued for in the study, USA State`s attempt to attain a superior hegemony and Iran`s strategic situation, oil sources, consumption market and its state of being the center of the current of IR in the Middle East have been brought into consideration. During Pahlavi regime, affecting political elite and propagating American culture and supporting the regime with military and economic helps, prepared the ground for affection and exploitation. Since the victory of IR in Iran, USA has used three approaches of threatening including hard, semi-hard and soft ones. This paper has studied USA behavior during the two periods on the basis of the theories of hegemony.

The paper has intended to study the question of: what effect(s) do modern international system and its omponents of identity have had in appearance of those particular bihaviorial models of religious players? As concluded in the paper, establishment of modern international system after the treaties of Westphalia (1648) and appearance of modern and secular Western state-nations on the basis of the teaching of modernism and their contradiction with the teachings of religious identity, have led to appearance of contradictory behavorial model in religious players. The paper, focusing on political Islam as a religious player, studies the consequence and effect of the modern system. On the findings of the study, it may be claimed that contrary to the idea arguing for weakening the roal of religion by elements of modernism, it has been grown and developed. In other words, not only the attempts made by those supporting modernism against religion have been fruitless but it has led to the appearance of a contradictory behavioral model by religious, particulary Islamic, groups also.

Control of power and limiting it have always attracted the attention of those of political thought. Appearance of IR in Iran prepared a ground for Imam Khomeini to regard a special way for controlling and limiting power in IRI Constitution for the first time in the history of Shiiah. The question at hand, therefore, follows as: how are Faqih and governmental powers controlled and prevented from despotism? As understood in the paper, guardianship of faqih being qualified by special characteristic properties and limitations in exerting power may not go toward despotism. And again, by regarding lawful controls of the governmental powers as well as of absolute authority of faqih as determined in IR Consitution, there would be no place for despotism and misuse of power.

Irony may be regarded as a sub-discourse of literature discourse that supported IR discourse to be a hegemony since the victory of IR. The concept of hegemony may be taken as such a means for analyzing the relation between literature and society that determines the position of the people of literature, as agaents causing hegemony or change, in society and the roal of social agents in literal texts. To attain such a goal, the weekly of Gol Aqa has been chosen to show that how it performed as a means its duty in the field and how it got hegemonic for people as a discourse. At first, the part played by Gol Aqa for making IR hegemonic, attracting attention of the people and the state both, propagating the quality of being faithful to the system ruling society, strengthening the power of and, at the same time, criticizing IR to reform it have been studied. Then, that is Gol Aqa`s becoming hegemonic, the paper has centered on Gol Aqa`s irony as a valve, the language of the nation and a ground for pleasure.

Identity and national identity are regarded as one main problem in political sociology. Nowadays, political scholars, following fast changes of the age, have spoken of the problem in political literature much. Among the ways of studying the problem in Iran is the discourse of politico-intellectual currents active in politico-social of Iranian society. Studying Islamist current (as the main current taken the form of hegemony at appearance of IR) as national identity may prepare a new way for directing studies of IR. Using the method of discoursive analysis and choosing Ali Shari`ti and Hjjat ul-Islam Seyyed Ali Khamenei as two deputies of the current, the paper has intended to explain the what of national identity of the current before and after IR. It was, yet, presupposed that the deputies had main components and concepts in common to a large extent.