JOURNAL OF LAW AND POLITICS
Year:2012 | Volume:8 | Issue:17|Papers Count:7

General agreement of trade in services is one of the three main agreements and the first Annex of  the founding charter of world trade organization. The structure of the mentioned treaty is so that with joining to it, the states accept the framework to undertake further commitments with other member states to liberalization of various services sectors.According to Paragraph 3 (b) of Article III of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), services include any service in any sector except services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority, while the agreement does not render a definition of this concept and its territory also. Therefore definition and determination of “the services supplied in the exercise of governmental authority” has of great importance for which the countries couldn’t bring out the widespread services sectors from liberalization obligations. In this article the author with consideration of different aspect of services which supplied in the exercise of governmental authority, attempts to give a comprehensive analysis in this respect to obtain a definite and objective approach from this concept.

establishment of World Trade Organization in the beginning of 90 decade and Membership of most of the states in it and enlargement of Trade among the states, Creates new subject in regard of dispute settlement among members. Dispute Settlement body of WT refers to GATT that its foundation on «Consultation» was among states, but dispute Settlement body in had many problems and with deepening the trade among members amendment in the subject of dispute Settlement body was inevitable. In this regard, in legal System of WTO has attempted to anticipate more appropriate framework with new look. Recently, the legal system of dispute Settlement is one of the most prominent factors of WTO and the member’s tendency to it is one of the evidences. In this regard, this article concentrates on dispute Settlement body and its attributes.

Postmodernism, like Enlightenment, is a complex phenomenon, depending on which way it is to be considered, or ridicule and mock praise easily placed. But the essence of postmodernism deny mind or the intellect to understand modern concepts of knowledge and truth. It is the modern mind that postmodernism is simple and unadorned truth, the absolute truth, meaning it is error; instead, from the perspective of the modern mind, human beings in terms of intellectual ability and deserve the truth these are accurately reflected or portrayed them. Postmodernism is based on the view that their truth or reality viewer together different images and the images are always vague. The feminism of the ideas that have been most influenced by postmodernism, so that it can be said that it has launched a new wave of third wave feminism, post-modern or called. Feminists claim to have been influenced by postmodernism and the And. fmynysm influenced by post-modernism in the meantime is trying to change the concept of democracy.

Inevitably, the success of Iran foreign policy has been tied with the oil concerns. This success, if any, has been achieved when its foreign policy has been compatible with the regional and international arrangements. It is in the light of this compatibility that national security and development is strengthened. Maintaining a proper level of oil production and price, which can be the motives of economic development and causes of regional supremacy, needs co-operation with regional and international actors and meeting their expectation in the matter of peace and security concerns?Explaining the nature and models of state in Iran and focusing on the rentier state as the theoretical framework, this research tries to study the relationship of state with oil revenues enjoying and in turn, the orientation of  Mahmud Ahmadi-nejad government foreign policy in a historical context. In other words, what have been the effects of the soaring oil prices on the foreign policy orientation of Mahmud Ahmadi-nejad government?

Iran’s civil law, following the Imamiyeh jurisprudence under article 774 definitely declares that the issue of mortgage must be corporeal certain, and delivering is necessary for its validity, therefore, the mortgage of the incorporeal property, property rights, and the benefit are invalid. However, delivery is impossible for the incorporeal property, but the mortgagee’s rights are usually under the law’s protection. It is possible to protect mortgagee’s rights without delivery. As our people need the mortgage of the incorporeal property, the writer of this article holds that the mortgage of these sorts of property must be accurate and valid.

Compromise is of matters that it has plentiful applications in the people transactions and it is circulated more every day. But, legislator has not cleared and enacted article on it to now, for this reason, there were different views in various times, so that, it can't to see completely unique policy in lawyer views and judicial precedent.Jurisprudent ideas and jurisprudent sources has effective role played in the views dispersion, and sometimes, political and economical expediencies have not had ineffective to make that dispersed situation.In this investigation, tried to clear applicable rules on the compromise and its legal nature and also to present views about legal institutive nature. In this case, tried to bring the preliminary condition and to analyze its concept and nature and also views of the believed on cancellation and correctness of the preliminary condition and so to present a reason as credibility reason and correctness and necessity of the compromise jurisprudently and lawfully.At last, it is concluded that compromise is a mutual legal act in nature and it has contract matrix, it is unspecified, commutative and obligatory and also its subject is a legal positive act i.e. counter promise if any parties to compose a contract with determined terms and characteristics in future that its doing has been promised.