JOURNAL OF POPULATION ASSOCIATION OF IRAN
Year:2008 | Volume:2 | Issue:4|Papers Count:9

The main objective of this paper is to explain fertility behavior of Kurd and Turk women using theoretical framework for the explanation of ethnic fertility differentials. The data for this paper is drawn from a survey on ethnicity and fertility which was conducted in Orumieh district in 2007, and covered households resident in the district. Information was collected from a sample of 768 households and 739 ever-married women identified in the households. A combination of sampling techniques including multistage clustering and systematic random sampling were employed.The analysis revealed that although ethnic fertility differentials have narrowed over time, Kurd women experienced higher fertility than their Turk counterparts. For example, at the time of the survey, Kurd women on average had significantly higher children ever born (3.3) than Turk women (2.2). The impact of ethnicity on fertility was found to be contextual, and varied across cohorts. The results of multiple classification analysis indicated that applying a comprehensive approach in analyzing ethnic fertility differentials, at least in the study area, provides a better explanation as compared with using only the characteristic hypothesis or cultural-normative approach.

Iran is one of the most concentrated areas of Afghan migrants and refugees.Although the history of Afghan migration dates back to 19 century, the first main flow of migration took place after Soviet invasion. Given a relatively long history of Afghans in Iran, studying the impact of migration on their lives is of importance. Using spatial palnning (Amayesh) data in 2005 and the data of a sample survey on Afghans in Iran during 2004-2005, this paper aims to examine the changes in social, economic and demographic characteristics of Afghans in Iran. The explanation will be mainly based on adaptation hypothesis.Findings show major improvements for Afghans in Iran in terms of education and health. Differences across generation and duration of residence show more advantages for those with longer duration and second-generation Afghans. In terms of occupation, however, the adaptation was not remarkable. This unbalanced integration can be to high extent attributed to the characteristics of migrants, and migration policy of the host society towards them. The different consequences of such adaptation and integration would have policy implications.

The primary concern of this research is to test the causal relationship between psycho-social factors and tendencies to migration of faculty members of universities in the city of Tehran. Research is carried out by a survey method through a questionnaire which was conducted on 120 faculty members of Tehran universities. Having gathered the required data, we analyzed them by means of the SPSS package.In this research the theoretical model was based on an eclectic framework.Goodness of fit was tested by advanced statistical techniques such as factorial analysis, multiple regressions and path analysis.The stepwise multiple regression analysis has shown that: Variables such as job satisfaction and interfering factors have shown significant effects upon tendencies to migration. The total effect coefficient calculated based on multiple regression for these variables is 45 percent (R2= 0.452).

Using data from "Mental Health Screening Study of Iranian Freshmen Students of 2004: Universities Affiliated with MSRT", this article investigated vulnerability to suicide among freshman Iranian university students. Using structural equation modeling, two distinct pahts to vulnerability to suicide can be recognized. The first path shows that depression coupled with unpleasant events in life lead to hopelessness and vulnerability to suicide. Second path, demonstrates that bad temper and aggression increases the likelihood of impulsive behaviors when angry which in turn increases the vulnerability to suicide among university students.

This Paper examines changes in the sex ratio's age patterns in various censuses. To this end, while analyzing factors influencing Iran's sex ratios using Davis method, the age-specific changes in the sex ratios in 1966-2006 period has been examined and the pattern in Iran are compared with other regions of the world.Analyzing the sex ratios using Davis method shows that the expected trend of changes in sex ratios' age pattern, based on Coale & Demeney life tables (west model) differs from the observed pattern in Iran. Research findings also show increase in the sex ratio in ages above 60, which contrasts with the trend observed in Europe, North America and Africa, which shows decreasing age ratios in older ages because of the impact of male cumulative mortality excess effects. Similarity between the pattern observed in Iran and the related trend in South-East Asian countries is due to the effects of similar cultural, social and economic contexts. These similarities create certain demographic regime in these regions whose characteristics can be understood by considering the cultural variables along with other factors.

Family is an important social institution which has important influences on food pattern of children and adolescents. The aim of the present study is the assessment of fruit and vegetable consumption among high school adolescent girls in three socio-economic regions in Tehran and determination of its relation with demographic variables, home availability of fruit and vegetable, family influence, observational learning and self-efficacy based on social-cognitive theory. Based on multistage sampling method, we choose 503 girl students (14-18 years old) from 17 public high school and they completed a self-administered questionnaire (including fruit/vegetable frequency and household and demographic factors). Living with both parents, home availability and family influence were significantly related to the consumption of fruits; furthermore, observational learning, family influence, and home availability were significantly related to the consumption of vegetables.

Nowadays it is obvious that improving attitude of agriscience's students towards employment in agriculture is one of the important factors influencing enhancement of the quality of future human resources in agricultural sector.Keeping this in view, the present study was conducted to investigate attitude of agriscience's students of the University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources of the University of Tehran towards employment in agricultural sector. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1677 male and female students of the mentioned university, out of which 236 students were selected as sample using proportionate stratified random sampling technique.The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were approved through.appropriate procedures. The results of factor analysis showed that five factors affected attitude of the students towards employment in agricultural sector including; enabling to secure psychological needs, low level of socio-economic status of agricultural jobs, job risks, lack of access to farming credits and job opportunities and lack of compatibility of some of the existing agricultural jobs with women characteristics and needs.