payam-e bastanshenas
Year:2009 | Volume:6 | Issue:11|Papers Count:9

The first step in any study of archaeological materials is, necessarily, ordering the material into some sort of classificatory system. Therefore this article is analysis of plastic image in pottery on the basis of ceramic classification. The classification of ceramics into meaningful types is the first step in using ceramic data in archaeological analysis. The next and ultimately more important step is to use those data to answer questions about cultural changes at the past. Study of cultural changes is one of the important aims in archaeological researches. Changes in technology, decorations, forms and organization of ceramic production have, in turn, been used to societies. This article outlines one of the decoration types in the pottery and stylistic analysis to study of the cultural changes during the bronze and iron age at Iran. The aim of this article is the study of plastic images in the pottery and the origin of this technique at Iran.

The first mid of third millennium B.C. is one of the main archaeological periods in central Zagros that nevertheless lack and dispersion of archaeological documents (specially in central Lorestan), change and depth culture evolutions happen in this period that seems this change and evolutions finally be the base formation of Godin III culture (Giyan IV-II). In this research, we studied one kind of rare pottery that belongs to first mid of third millennium B.C. and obtained from valleys and southern districts of central Zagros. this kind of pottery that almost seems be find in burial textures, is belongs to second mid of Proto-Elamite period (Susa IIIB-C) and its distribution in southern districts of central Zagros, indicate penetration of Proto-Elamite culture in second quarter of third millennium B.C in this area. In the other hand typology studies of this kind of pottery, indicate the remarkable role of the Proto-Elamite culture pottery tradition in formation of Godin III culture pottery tradition.

Rabat Tepe II is located in west Azerbaijan province and eastern side of Lower Zab river. Until now, three seasons of archeological excavation performed in this arae. The location of Rabat Tepe in south-east of Mannean domain was influenced by two powerful empires namely Assyrian and Urartian. The effect of these two empires to each other in one side and getting familiar with the vague points of these sovereignties in North west of Iran in an other side increase the archeological aspect of studies and research in Rabat TepeII.The result of these three seasons research is achieving to a lot of potteries, bricks and architectural documents that some of them were discovered for the first time in Northwest of Iran. Rabat tepe earthen wares found in Sardasht are almost similar to those achieved primarily from Galaichi in Bokan. These findings have important role in studying arthistic and technological contexts and help us to restudy the religious, political and social aspects of this area inhabitants.One point which increases the importance of these bricks is the existence of epigraphical clinker bricks. By translation and interpreting of these bricks the name of Mannaean gods, country and province was appeared. Undoubtedly, comprehensive recognition of discovered bricks in this site which spend its first years of excavations can be a proper basic for scientific classification of these precious findings.

Abyek district in Qazvin province based on It's geographical situation and natural potentials has a particular situation that understanding of it's cultural evolution and historical happenings in Parthian period assist us to better recognition of the cultural changes of this part of Iran from 250 B.C to 224.A.C.Archaeological survey in northern part of Abyek foothills (Ziaran, Eastern Eghbal, eastern & western Kuhpaye) Conducted in March to May. In this season of Archaeological survey find out 89 sites that among of these, 64 sites yields evidences of Parthian culture.This research reveals evidences of demographic changes and change in settlementpattern in this region at Parthian period. Also, it was indicated that the most settlements of the area consist of small villages and no evidence of urbanize centers, Also, it seems that the region's material culture in Parthian period as well as owning some of the local characteristics finally belong to cultural span of north and west of Iran.

Elymaid’s reliefs have a lot of characters that almost of their known. The new found relief Sarhani discovered in the survey of Ramhormoz region. In this article at first we will present the new found relief of Sarhani, then we study it in subject and style and at last we present the chronology of that.

Engravings are the most valuable archaeological data in Morad beyk Valley in the southwest of Hamadan. These findings divided to 3 types of anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and symbolic. We will pay to introduction and engraving records in this region (from 4 millennium BC to today) point of view archaeological and anthropological.

The Quazvin plain along with the heights that overlook it is one of the important centers of foundation and development of human culture in Iranian Flat in different eras.The focus of archeological studies in recent decades on Quazvin plain and scientific archeological studies in heights overlooking the plain especially southern mountainsides has made the Alborz mountains inevitable for study.In this research¸ the results from a number of archeological findings and recent studies can get a view of the position of the area in prehistoric eras¸ past history and the history of Islam.For this purpose¸ three villages, i.e., Ziaran Estern and Western mountain sides of Abyek city and the village of Eastern Eghbal locating at the territory governed by central part of Qazvin were studied.We studied 89 archeological sites and also a considerable number of mentioned and unmentioned works including stone tools, sculpture, metal tools and so on were identified and discovered we dealt with them in this research.The results from this research reveal that with regard to 7 sites related to the period of Paleolithic which had stone tools and traces that are the characteristics of middle and new Paleolithic.We can say that in the period of Paleolithic the heights of this area were of the important habitats of people in the North of Iranian Flat.Although the identification of traces and cultural materials of the period of chalcolithic (2 cases) and the bronze age (3 case) show the continuation of living of people in the mentioned era, the identification of a great number of sites of Iron age (21cases) and Parthian (38 cases) shows the witnesses of habitats and settlement of human communities (Regarding both the quality and quantity of witnesses) from the second half of the second millennium B.C until the first half of millennium A.C Forwards movement regarding the vast number of sites and areas and cultural heritage of different Islamic periods (47 cases) in the course of Islamic periods that has moved ahead.

The numismatics is an important part of archaeology which in fact is a live evidence of ancient world and different nations. It has an important role in brightening the dark and vague edge of ancient history. Every coin at every epoch, is the symbol of, customs, script, language, art, civilization, wealth and trade of that nation and country. In fact, in excavated sites, coins have been used to identify the history and art of the ancient world.Coin is like a valuable written document or a small book which is not only used for trade but also has a symbolic and ethic usage.In comparison with other periods, the coins of seljukids period has been studied a lot less, so such would be so valuable. This study try to present epigraphs and artistic characteristic of Seljukids period coins which is belong to Atabakan of Azerbaijan and discovered in Sojas and Varmazyar village in Zanjan.