payam-e bastanshenas
Year:2011 | Volume:8 | Issue:15|Papers Count:9

Pottery as evidence important archeological while in a proper framework for the study, classification and explain; it can be spent on practical aspects of his conceptions like reflection of thought, creativity, innovation and one of the cultural review, In this research paper, focusing on the study and classification of Neolithic pottery Gousha Tepe area explored during the first Excavation 2004 results; regular and methodical features and indicators of various aspects of the pottery types is to continue and break with the traditions and styles of pottery in this period with the next phases of the hill turn Gousha tepe, and the total paid to this issue and whether the continuing gap between pre-historic cultures of the East Azeri field centered around Lake gousha tepe cultures there or not, Our studies showed that the process continues its tradition of pottery not only in phases of site, but we have a tradition of style and technique between this area and the Lake District sea.

Archaeological investigation in the Qazvin plain during the 1970s presented new light to study the cultural developments of Iranian prehistory. In spite of its significance, these studies faced with two main problems of the inadequacy of using secure chronological data and the second was that some of the excavators when found new ceramic types suggested the migration and invasion of new people within the central plateau. This paper revised the chronology of the fifth millennium BC sites based on the c14 dates and stratigraphic sequences in order to show the cultural historical approaches is not significant to understand the cultural carnages of the region. This is significant that the new chronological studies clearly show there is no relationship between the abandonment of old sites and settling of news sites. There are large gap between the sties which abandoned during the fifth millennium BC sites such as Tepe Sialk North to the emerging of new sites such as Sialk South. We suggested sits such as Sialk abandonment caused by natural phenomenon such as highly sedimentation and flooded from 5900 BC to 4500 BC and therefore such abandoned was not originated by invasion. This paper is also suggested that the fifth millennium BC communities of the Iranian central plateau can be view as tribal ranked societies and it is still too early suggest external warfare. It is important to say that when we see new ceramic types it is better to address it as an innovation and interaction rather an external stimuli for change.

Concentrating on cultural changes is one of the most significant aims of studying archeology. The interpretation of the cultural changes in a society or a region in prehistoric periods requires a decent understanding of the relation between the cultural materials. Having a specific view or a theoretical approach towards the so-called issue reflects the researcher’s orientations. One of the cultural areas in Iran about which there have been several ideas and disputes on its prehistoric cultural changes could be the Central Plateau of Iran. Most of the proposed theories about the cultural changes of this area have been based on historical-cultural approach. In this study, we have been analyzing these changes in Tehran plain along with revision and considering the past theories together with defining theoretical concepts for presenting a new viewpoint.

Traditions of burial and their locations in relation to the settlement are characteristics of the Bronze Age. Burial and its corresponding traditions are among the abstract issues in archaeology. Qaleh Khan is located in the North khorasan province in the vicinity of Ashkhaneh city. So far, two seasons archaeological excavations have been carried out in that settlement. The first season was devoted to trenching for the purpose of stratigraphy and was carried out vertically. The second season was carried out for determining the functional size of the site and trenching around the settlement was done during this season. One of the major goals of the second season was first to determine the area of the site and to propose physical protection of the site. In this season, 27 soundings were excavated around the Qaleh Khan archaeological site. Preparing a map of the expansion of the monuments, identifying the records of Iron Age in the original context which have not been identified through stratigraphy beforehand, identifying the cemetery of the Bronze Age, and consequently obtaining general information about burial traditions of this period, have been the main achievements of this research. Broadly speaking, remnants of the Bronze Age burials were identified in trenches 22 and 24 to the west of the settlement. These graves are the so-called accompanied burials. 3 burial remnants were obtained from the above-mentioned trenches. This paper presents a description of the Bronze Age graveyard in Qaleh Khan archaeological site along with an analysis of its location in relation to the settlement.

The Kurdestan province is located in western part of Iran as, limited by East Azerbaijan and Zanjan provinces from the north, Zanjan from the east, Kermanshah from the south and Iraq from the west. The survey region in the lake of Azad Dam is located between Sanandaj and Marivan counties of Kurdestan province. Azad Dam’s Lake is located between 46o 32ʹ 57ʺ eastern longitude and 35o 19 ʹ 59ʺ northern latitude, between the Banidar village and Pir Khezran in the starting and endpoint of the survey area. During the September-October 2007 the Archaeological survey of the Azad Dam was intensively carried out to identify and record the Archaeological remains. this survey 21 archaeological sites which could be divided to 4 main types: Tell sites, Open Air sites, Cemeteries and Monuments. Chronologically, these recorded sites are spanning  from prehistoric times to the Late Islamic era as, 1 sites contains Early Bronze Age Material by Early Trans Caucasia  horizon, 3 sites contains Achamenid, 17 sites contains Parthian, 5 sites contains Sassanid and 4 sites contains Late Islamic material.

The first season of excavation at Ali Yourd Tepe was achieved by the department of Archaeology of the Islamic Azad University of Abhar in summer and autumn 2010. This mound is located in west of Saien Galeh city in Zanjan province and is one of the biggest and most important mound in the Abhar Rud area. Aims of this excavation are Training of students and investigations at cultural sequence at Abhar Rud area. Therefore a stepped tranch in north slope and a test tranch in center of the mound were excavated and about one half of the height of the mound was studied stratigraphically. As the result of this excavation some remuins of Islamic historic and bronze periods were found which are presented in this preliminary report. I hope to complete this stratigraphical investigation in second season of excavation at Ali Yourd Tepe.

As an important feature of Neo Assyrian palatial architecture the palaces’ plan shows a unique pattern in situation of the spaces sharing in function. The pattern makes possible to identify the defined spaces such as outer court, inner court, residences, service spaces, and throne hall in the first view. The throne hall of Neo Assyrian palaces is considered as the most important space of the royal complex. Therefore, the throne hall benefits from the most facilities and decorations and situated in the most suitable place in the complex. Due to the attributes of throne hall it is possible to recognize the special space in the Neo Assyrian royal complex using archaeological method and spatial analysis.

The Hellenistic period is one of the most controversial in the history of Iran. Most of our information from this period drives from accounts of Greek classic historians and geographers such as Strabo, Poliny, and Apian which give us an ambiguous picture of Seleucid period in Iran. In spite the fact that the Seleucids established their rule over a large part of western Iran for a long period and founded several cities archaeological evidence for the period are few and scanty. The chance discovery of the Greek inscription of Antiochos III in 1943, which refers to the temple of Laodicea, was a turning point in the archaeological and historical studies of Seleucid period in Iran. In addition to the Greek inscription, invaluable finds including bronze figures of Greek deities, stone altar, capital-column, and characteristic potsherds of Seleucid period have been found in historical area of Do- Khaharan (two sisters) northeast of Nahavand city which attest the existence of a Greek temple in the region. In general, historical records and archaeological evidence introduce the city of Nahavand in western Iran as an important centre from the time of Seleucid to the end of Sassanian period. This article presents results of archaeological sounding which was carried out in 2005 & 2011 to find the location of Laodicea temple.