JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES
Year:2006 | Volume:16-17 | Issue:61-62|Papers Count:10

Satire (after the Iranian Constitutional Revolution) is an indirect way of criticism of corruptions, defects and socio -Political bitter facts in a humorous and hyperbolic expression. The aim of using satire is to raise consciousness about reforms and elimination of defects and corruptions. Abolghasem Halat (1919-1992) is considered one of the most important, hard-working and famous contemporary satirists in Iran. In fact, by propounding critical viewpoints in connection with political, social economic and cultural matters in Pahlavi era, he has established himself as a critic satirist in the area of Persian literature.The present paper will review Halat's political satire, its motifs and themes. More important, the paper will demonstrate the targets of his satirical discourse.

This article will study the concept of mythical wells in Persian literature. It will review manifestation of mythical wells in poetry and its origins in traditional stories.The paper consists of two parts: 1) investigation of famous mythical wells; and 2) the roots of the concept of wells in traditional stories. The purpose of the article is to show symbolic, allusional and mythical aspects of wells, as a natural phenomenon, in Persian literature. Studying the roots of meaning in Persian literature shows similarities and differences of perspectives among the Iranian poets and writers about a natural phenomenon.

Suhrab Sepehri is one of the Iranian contemporary poets who had mystical tendency. However, there is no consensus among scholars on the origin of his mystical thoughts. Most critics argue that Suhrab's mysticism is originated from Indo-Chinese mysticism, while some other found similarities between his ideas and the great Iranian mystic poets like Rumi and Abu-Said Abul-Khair.His three poems, Traveler, Address, voice of water feet are of the Shuhrab's mystical poems, of which the "Neshani" (Address) is the most important one.This article will review this poem through a critical perspective. Also it will compare the poem with the thought of Iranian classical mystic scholars.The article will argue that in this poem there are some elements of Iranian- Islamic mysticism like, manifestation, pure monotheism, and eternal beloved, opposition of love and wisdom and consternation.

Muhammad Ibn Abdol Djabbar Neffari (d. 989 AD) is one of the prominent scholars in Islamic Mysticism. In fact, his writings are considered as a turning point in the mystic prose writings before Ibn Al-Arabi.However, until three centuries after his death not a substantial biography was written about him.This article will investigate Neffaris' biography and his works based on the original sources. Also it will explore the causes of silence about his works and adversary toward him.The paper will also demonstrate verbal and mental motifs, paradoxes, Vaqfe (moment of meeting with Allah), dream, ignorance, insight, knowledge, speech and Seva (another than Allah).In addition, the paper will discuss about the origins of Neffari's thoughts: Quran and Sunna, Indian and Gnostic rituals, Arabic poetry and Mansour Hallaj, an Iranian martyr Sufi, (924 AD).

Most biographies, essays and books on Ferdowsi have introduced him as a Mo'tazeli. This claim is based on Nesami-e Aroozi's statement, and more often by using the following Ferdowsi's line in Shahname: "you can't see The Creator with your eyes, don't bother them".The present article intends to challenge this claim. The paper based on Formosa's words will show that Ferdowsi was not Mo'tazili, rather he was a Sunni, inclined to Asha'era and matoridyyh. Furthermore this article demonstrates that Ro'yat (the vision) in the aforementioned verse indicates manners of cognition and it has no connection with the Ro'yat in Kalam.

The main motif of the works of Lev. N. Tolstoy is psychological study of individual and social ethics of the characters. On the basis of religious beliefs, the writer uses epigraphs which are mostly taken from Holy Books to convey the internal contents and concepts of his works.The author of this paper attempts to deal with role of the verses of the Torah and the Bible in the works of Tolstoy. He, studies the reasons and the motifs of Tolstoy in using the verses as the opening remarks of each work. These verses include the issues which are of interest to the writer, i.e. love, marriage, family, favor, ethics, as well as political and social issues of the society. After an internal transformation, the writer tackles them with a rather deeper religious attitude as compared with those before his transformation. Following his internal transformation, the ultimate views of the writer on religion and ethics had an impact on his way of life. He abandoned his aristocratic way of life and shifted to a simple and modest life.