ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2018 | Volume:11 | Issue:41 |Papers Count:11

The Physical Growth and Development Pattern of the town as spatial pattern of activities in the particular period of time is defined and is addressed both as spread horizontally and compact town pattern of development. Understanding pattern of town physical development in order to steer it to sustained urban development is essential. Therefore, the main issue in the effort to stop the misuse of the land is Land Use or Land Use Policies of the major cities; hence, is sparse growth or population growth the dominant force? On the other hand, in the recent decades, urban growth plan was unscheduled, and urban areas in a short time came several times of its original size, this problem has been known as urban pattern of horizontal spread and the source of many problems in cities in developing countries has been this variable. In recent years the growth of Serish Abad town has been uneven and sporadic. The researchers in this study have used the Shannon entropy models to analyze how the development of this town has happened. With respect to the methodology, the analysis consisted of a comparative study of documents for review. The results show that during 2011- 2016 Serish Abad town has grown and was developed in the scattered growing disproportion pattern (Sprawl); while, the intensive growth pattern (vertical) as a model for future development of town, with consideration of other uses with residential uses, a low-density residential complexes, is addressed and recommended.

It is essential to ensure that environmental regulations are observed and that sustainable development goals are taken into account as well to prevent environmental pollution. The location of waste landfill sites and the achievement of sustainable development goals must be supervised. The study area is Gonabad city in Khorasan Razavi province. It has three urban points (Gonabad-Kakhk- Bidokht) Which is burial of urban waste near two cities of Gonabad and Kakhk. The purpose of this research is to provide optimal and desirable locations for urban waste dumping in Gonabad city. The first stage of municipal waste management is their proper location. For this research, the most important indicators used for locating were: distance from water resources, vegetation, soil texture, elevation, gradient, distance from communication paths, distance from faults, and the distance from demographic points. Layers and data were weighed on the basis of ANP and using the GIS, suitable landfill locations for urban areas were identified. Then, the ANP model final map after the formation of the network and the calculation of weights were obtained by successive sum of standardized layers and the resulting map was classified in four zones (perfectly suitable, appropriate, relatively suitable and inappropriate). The method of research is based on the descriptive-analytical nature and based on the purpose of applied research. For collecting information, two methods of documentary and field-survey have been used.

The purpose of this research is measuring the development indicators in the country's border provinces. Accordingly, sixteen border provinces on the basis of eleven indicators: educational, cultural-sports, religious, political-administrative, infrastructure, health, services, transportation, communications, employment, literates and residential units, drawn from the statistical census of population and housing and the Statistical Yearbook, using numerical taxonomy and TOPSIS model, in order for the level and degree of development of the provinces to be determined. The type of the research is applied and library data was collected and analyzed using Excel and Arc GIS mapping software. The results show that: from the total of 16 border provinces; 2 province were marked as developed, 5 provinces Semi-developed, 4 province less-developed and 5 provinces were located as deprived. Khorasan Razavi province with the degree of development 0.024 according to numerical taxonomy model and 0.974 according to TOPSIS model were considered as the most developed of the country border provinces and Ilam province with the degree of development 0.868 according to numerical taxonomy model and 0.008 according to TOPSIS model were considered as the most deprived of the country border provinces.

The main objective of this paper is to assess the extent of implementation of the proposals for the Saveh region (prepared in 1996), based on the documents in the Ministry of Roads and Urban Development in relation to the design of Saveh, the design of the central province and the results of the census and information of Iran's Statistics Organization. Thus, in this research, using the evaluation approach and using a multivariate assessment and AHP hierarchical analysis tool and a dipole distance, we have evaluated the extent of realization of the proposed components of the Saveh Regional Design. Based on the research model, three socio-demographic, economic, and spatial components were identified as the main criteria for assessing the feasibility of the selection plan and evaluation indicators based on these three components. The evaluation of the implementation rate suggests that among the components mentioned above, the spatial, economic, and socio-demographic areas have a greater effect on the implementation of the proposals of the Saveh Regional Plan; in relation to sociodemographic components based on the recommendations of the Saveh Regional Design The "urban population" indicator, in relation to economic indicators, "service providers", and in relation to physical-spatial indicators, such as "urban centres", "rural centres", "quadruple paths", "higher education", "Health home", "Hospital", "Agricultural zone "and" Industrial Zone "have the best status. In general, it can be said that, despite the fact that a few years have passed from the horizon of the Saveh landscape, the proposals of the project have been achieved to the desired extent.

Urban planning seeks to allocate the valuable and limited land resources among different land types. During this process various conflicting objectives are emerged and prepared, and land use planners should proffer land use layouts satisfying these kinds of objectives. Due to these facts, land use allocation is a multi-objective optimization problem that deals with a large set of data and variables and optimization methods have been developed to facilitate solving this kind of problem. As land use optimization is a complex NP-hard problem, current exact methods are not able to solve such problem and land use optimization relies on application of meta-heuristic algorithms. In this paper, a meta-heuristic algorithm is developed and applied based on harmonic search algorithm for solving land use optimization problem. In this paper, seven land types (residential, commercial, cultural, educational, medical, sport and green space) are allocated to 200 allocation cells with size 1000 m2 subject to compactness, compatibility and suitability maximization. The outputs of the harmonic search algorithm were compared to a common population-based algorithm, genetic algorithm. The results demonstrated that for the defined problem the harmonic search algorithm was more acceptable than genetic algorithm in terms of solution quality and algorithm efficiency. It was 98.9 percent faster than genetic algorithm. The results also showed that the land use layouts achieved by both algorithms had been better than the current state of land use distribution. Thus, the cross-cutting method represented in this paper can be used as a useful tool in the hands of urban planners and decision makers, and supports the land use planning process.

Urban systems in each country explain how the interaction of regional cities happen. In this study, we have analyzed the spatial distribution of city population on ten regions of national and regional physical plans, the years 1956 to 2011 are discussed and has been analyzed both the urban population system and the ten physical regions. Of the ten regions of national and regional physical plans, two regions of the southern Alborz (Including the provinces of Tehran, Markazi, Semnan, Zanjan, Qazvin, Qom and Alborz) and Khorasan (Including the provinces of South Khorassan, Razvi Korasan and North Kohorasan) , respectively, had the highest and lowest rates of change between the ten regions. In the follow-up analysis, indicators such as the first twenty positions in the years 1956 to 2011, the analysis of the actual population and population number of twenty cities Primary of the region in relation to the theoretical Zipf in 2011 and also the analysis of primacy city and decentralization city in the South Khorasan and Alborz, was completed separately. Finally, a comparison between Khorasan region and southern Alborz together and with physical national and regional regions determined that southern Alborz region despite its position among the ten regions was not affected by a change but the intra-regional changes are massive and large altered. Conversely, Khorasan region that on the variations between Regions has been a fundamental change, in the intra-regional variations was found in relative comfort. The study also revealed that due to the changes between regional, it cannot be possible to make an intra-regional analysis and predictions are imposssible.

Marginalized has made urban management encountered with a major challenge in the current era. Because on the one hand, it provides the background of committing crimes, and on the other hand, view of the city has been ugly due to the mushrooming increase of informal settlements, Hence it can be said that, marginalization will make the city face challengesin terms of aesthetic and security due to abnormal behavior which are emergent of population critical load. This study seeks to identify the influencing factors in crime rate increase in the informal settlements of PAKDASHT. The research method is descriptive – analytical and the data collection methods included questionnaires and interviews. The statistical sample included 62 people residents of informal settlements in PAKDASHT, experts and some city officials. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and parametric tests (ANOVA, T-test and Step-wise Regression) were used in order to determine the significant evaluation of affecting factors in the crime increase in the informal settlements. Regression test results show that there is relationship between all of research factors (sub structural, economic, social, cultural, structural, legal institutional and security) and an increase in crime. According to this test, all components of the study are significant at alpha level 0.05, But the economic factor has the most value (0.974) and the legal factor has the least value (0.935).

Public participation in municipal decision-making process is a key element of urban comprehensive development and increasing peoples’ participation in municipal activities can play an important role in urban balance. The aim of this study was to analyze the amount of participation of citizens in Gonbad in the management of municipal affairs and also identifying benefits and barriers and providing strategies to attract citizens’ participation in improving the management of the city. This research in term of nature and purpose is practical and its research method is descriptive-analytic. The statistical population is all household heads in Gonbad that utilizes the Cochran formula using simple random sampling of selected 320 samples. The data were collected by questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS software. Cronbach's alpha was obtained for different parts of the questionnaire (87.3) which reflects the high capabilities of trust and confidence of research tools. The results of the research showed that a significant relationship at the level of 99% between the independent variables that involve citizen satisfaction municipal services, which depicts the trust of citizens in relation to city managers. Awareness of the citizens of the town management plan and association of citizens was the dependent variable. The results of analysis of variance showed that between the variables such as gender, age, education, economic and social status - with the amount of citizen participation there is a significant difference.

In this study, inflation and time value has been taken into account for the economic investigation of the period of return on investment in replacing natural gas water heaters in Tehran residential buildings. First, the economic analysis was calculated considering all replacing cost by the residents. Second, the calculation was done if the government through the Ministry of Energy pays for all replacing cost. After reviewing various strategic of replacing natural gas boilers with solar water heaters considering the importance of economic and environmental subjects, replacing by citizens because of the financial problems and a long period of return on investment (11.2 years) is impossible. On the other hand, due to reduction of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 which is calculated around 2.7 million ton per year, and the country's ability to exporting natural gas to neighboring countries, the strategy of subsidize of replacing by the Ministry of Energy has a return on investment (around 2 years) is much more reasonable.

in recent years, for many reasons populated urban centers of Iran with severe spatial changes that resulted in the increase in small and medium urban imbalance in the hierarchy of the country were observed. This study examined the hierarchy of urban developments to those in the cities of Kermanshah province during the 1976 to the 2016 war time on the urban network hierarchical province .The method of the present research was quantitative - analysis in which models of deferential class analysis, prime city index, the rank - size, ranking model modification have been used. The results showed that the distribution pattern of urban settlements in Kermanshah province was unbalanced during war which imposed imbalances to all the difference parts. It was found that Kermanshah city due to the performance of various factors have had a strong performance, and had attracted surrounding populations from other provinces, especially in times of war as a city which was predominant caused uneven systems in the city. Therefore, in order to maintain the last balance, a phase of reallocation and redirection of functions to the neighboring cities is recommended.