ENVIRONMENTAL BASED TERRITORIAL PLANNING (AMAYESH)
Year:2018 | Volume:11 | Issue:42 |Papers Count:11

Urban development resulting from population growth has occurred in the last decade and has caused incorrect uses and wrong allocation, as well as formation of slums in cities and dispersed development of towns particularly the suburbs. This problem sheds light on the necessity of planning the optimal use of land and management of urban development and has caused the formation of smart urban growth approach the main purpose of which is regulating the growth and development of cities and urban revitalization. Accordingly in the present study the researchers have on the way to physically and structurally develop Fanuj. In fact, the main purpose of the present study is to analyze the way the city has developed, and urban development based on smart growth approaches as well as dispersed development on the basis of the way facilities, services, social effects, economic, and structural smart growth have been distributed. The present research is a descriptive, analytical study which is based on library studies and experimental research. The necessary data concerning the development of the city, the way the uses are distributed, the increase of financial rate used in urban development were extracted from authentic documents and some of them were taken from the questionnaires given to people in Fanuj. The results of the T-test showed a significant effect (P=0. 000). Thus it can be safely said that smart growth approach affects the fair distribution and services in Fanuj. In case of implementing smart growth approaches based on principles and conditions of the neighborhoods in Fanuj, the financial costs and the environmental destructions decrease and as a result life quality and citizen satisfaction of their living place will increase.

Today a lot of cities face with increasing levels of negative consequences of rapid growth which in its own turn has threatened the public health of the citizens. For this reason, the idea of a healthy city is highly important in contemporary urban research and has a lot of potentials for further studies. The purpose of this study was to analyze the indicators of a healthy city in Khuzestan province. The methodology of this research was descriptive and analytical. To analyze the data and evaluate the health indicators of the city, 34 variables in the form of health indicators, health-cure, environmental and socio-economic were rated and weighed using Shannon entropy which were finally ranked based on multi – criteria decision making of Electra. The results showed that the cities of Ahvaz, Dezful and Shush are in a more favorable condition while Howeizeh, Haftkel and Bavi are in an undesirable and inappropriate condition as far as the indicators of healthy city are concerned. The main reasons of these findings can be related to the few numbers of labs, pharmacies, physicians, hospitals, dentists, employment, less planted areas, and more unemployment.

Complex space of cities has caused thoughtful people to think about reforms and creating novel urban structures to release from the existing problems and failures on their ways to an ideal life. Today the key role of modern information technology in various economic, social, and political areas cannot be ignored. Innovation and smartness have a common nature which can be Innovation dimensional and common nature, which can be produced, processed and processing the information. is situated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of infrastructure and communication (ICT) to achieve the smart city in the municipal three-district areas of Semnan. The quantitative analysis was used and Mac Grahan as well as cluster analysis models were used to rank and determine the dispersion amount of the statistical indicators. The results of the study showed that the municipal areas were not the same in terms of these indicators and the districts were divided into three groups of highly privileged, relatively privileged and less privileged. Also it was shown that dispersion coefficient prove the types and ways of distributing the indicators in the three districts.

Rasht has experienced unique conditions about its environmental areas from the time it was formed and has tended to be decentralized. The formation of one directional relationship and directing the vital and functional processes of the province toward the city of Rasht have provided the ground for isolation and inactivity of the province settlements; an issue which will be enhanced along with increasing the activities in Rasht. The present study has focused on the decentralization grounds of Rasht in three fields of administrative – political, economic – services, and population. While explaining the most important symbols and instances of centralizations in mentioned areas, in order to reduce the centralization in Rasht and to direct the movements to the other places and consequently balance the movements and interactions, we used a new model called Regional Development Strategy (RDS). Regional development strategy with its strategic, community-based and flexible thinking is very effective in establishing regional balance since this model attempts to exploit the capabilities, capacities, actions and cooperation of all the regions and organize them in the best possible way.

Rural areas as the smallest geographical unit, and the differences in them despite the homogeneity of rural development are worth studying. Rural development is one of the country's developmental programs. One of the cornerstones of comprehensive development and its integration is to eliminate the economic and social imbalances of the regions. In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to recognize and level the regions in terms of development in different fields. Considering the discussed issues, the present study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate and analyze the developmental levels of villages in Vakil Abad using factor analysis method. The thirty seven indicators used in this study were categorized in three environmental, socio-cultural and economic dimensions which have been reduced to twelve significant factors using factorial analysis emphasizing all aspects of rural villages in Vakil Abad. The present study was a quantitative research and its sample size was determined based on the Cochran formula which consisted of 310 participants. Excel, and SPSS software were used to analyze the data and the researchers used ArcGIS to draw the necessary maps. The obtained results showed that there was a significant difference between the villages of Vakil Abad and these villages could be ranked in three groups ranging from high development level, moderate level of development to low development level.

During the recent years, social capital has been considered as one of the most important variables indicating the level of development and welfare of communities and local development at various levels and thus it has been specially focused by policymakers and planners. Considering the importance of this subject, this research was to study the social capital in different areas of Borazjan in Bushehr province. The methodology of this research was based on its purpose was practical and based on its nature was descriptive-analytical. In this study, documentary and field studies were used, and a questionnaire was used to collect information. The statistical population of this research included the citizens of Borazjan. In this regard, based on the Cochran formula, 383 questionnaires were distributed and were completed in six districts of the city. Based on the results of the t-test analysis, two independent samples of t test and Loon test, it was shown that the amount of social capital in Borazjan urban areas was significantly different at 0. 05 level of probability. Regarding the gender, based on the differences in social capital between the means of men and women, social capital in the dimension of cohesion and social awareness was significantly different at 0. 05 level of probability. Considering the results of this research, attention should be paid to the promotion of social capital in policy making and planning in different areas of Borazjan as a necessary issue.

The old and inefficient textures in cities are critical issues for sustainable urban development. Therefore, their renewal and improvement to achieve sustainable societies is emphasized. In this process, in addition to environmental-physical aspects, the socio-economic dimensions of the inhabitants of worn texture are considered. So, human factors and their participation in the improvement and renewal of these textures are very important and recognition of the participatory tendencies and factors affecting the promotion of their participation is essential. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting people's participation in the improvement and renovation of the worn texture of the Kheirabad neighborhood of Birjand. This is a survey research by descriptive-analytical method and a questionnaire is used for data gathering. The population of the study included 283 households living in Kheirabad neighborhood. Based on the Cochran formula, 163 of them were selected randomly as the sample size of the study. The mean and standard deviation were used to describe the data. Data analyzing was done using one sample T-test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. According to obtained findings, respondents had the highest tendency to participate in decision making and had the least tendency to participate financially. The components of sense of belonging, trustfulness and social solidarity, access to services, plans and supportive measures, institutional development and capacity creating had an impact on the participation of people in the improvement and renewal of worn texture. Among these, the feeling of belonging to the place of residence with the significance level of 0. 533 was the most influential factor.

Natural disasters have the potential to change to terrible accidents while there is no risk reduction system. Recently, resiliency as one of the effective measures for crisis management is considered as a community-based approach to promote the readiness of urban communities for dealing with the instabilities due to disasters. The main purpose of this study was to assess the resilience indexes, to determine the parameters of resiliency in the citizens (institutional and physical – environmental) and to specify the contribution of the resilience factors and their capacity to mitigate natural disasters and earthquake in Kerman. This research was a descriptive and analytical study focusing on practical goals. . The data required for analysis were collected using a questionnaire the validity and reliability of which by Cronbach's alpha was determined to be 0. 887 which was formally approved. The population understudy were the citizens of Kerman. Finally the resiliency conditions with attention to the specified indicators and using SPSS software were analyzed through running one sample t-test, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis technique. In order to weigh the criteria and sub-criteria, Shannon entropy was used and for analyzing the conditions of the four districts of the city concerning resiliency, the WP, SAR was used. The results of the present study showed a meaningful and significant relationship between the citizens’ resiliency and institutional, physical – environmental components. Finally, using the ranking techniques, the districts 1, 3, 2, and 4 were ranked from first to fourth respectively.

Structuralism is a school of thought and a way of exploring the issues that come from four close intellectual domains: French sociology and Durkheim's ideas, Saussure's linguistics, Kant's philosophical roots and English and French anthropology. Structuralists always try to pull over the appearance of the things and achieve the constant and unchangeable principles; thus they have passed through the boundaries of philosophy and have focused on mathematics, literature, architecture and even urbanism. They believe that the form or structure as a clear or hidden general framework of anything is the system in which all components of the organization are related together and have harmonic function. On the basis of this communication and coordination, they build the totality of the system and believe that the existence of the organization depends on this harmonious relationship. Structuralists generally believe in holism and this idea led to post-structuralism movement. From the post-structuralism perspective, this approach has a dominant and authoritarian nature and specifies the function of the system in advance. Post-structuralism refuses any theory that explains general and universal explanation of the phenomenon, and any holism or integrity is considered as inappropriate. In this article, according to Saussure and Kant, general discussion of structuralism have been reviewed and then the quality of the emergence and the characteristics of post-structuralism movement have been studied. After that focusing on this belief of structuralists which states that there is a basic structure in every organism’ s body that is its stability agent and other organs of the body are active following it, the city was studied as an organism and the viewpoints of structuralists were analyzed from these viewpoints.

In recent decades, the cities of Iran like other cities of the third world countries have encountered significant transformations and in a short-term period, they have reached the manifold of their primary widths. Zahedan, during its 100 year life, has developed in an unbalanced way and has faced with a quick development. The 32. 5 times development of its population and 34 times development of its width compared to the first census indicate this issue in such a way that the development of this city has been in the horizontal direction and the consistent development of urban constructions have caused the irregular development of the city. Accordingly, in the present study, the correlation between the population and the degree of development and urban sprawl was investigated in Zahedan using Relative Entropy, Absolute Entropy, Holden's Entropy Models, as well as the Herfindahl Concentration Index, Henderson's Decentralization Index, the Gini coefficient and Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The findings of the research indicated that according to Holden's model, Zahedan has been suffering from the irregular urban development (sprawl) during the period of conducting the study. The values of entropy, the Herfindahl and Henderson coefficients indicate the sprawl of Zahedan. Regarding the increasing value gap of entropy due to horizontal development and city's sprawl, the Smart and Compact City model was identified as a desired one for future expansion of Zahedan.