Pars Journal of Medical Sciences
Year:2015 | Volume:13 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Measurement of body temperature is widely used in clinical medicine. Accurate and precise measurement of body temperature, as a vital sign, sets the beginning of diagnosis and is the key to treatment. The present study aimed to determine the accuracy and precision of axillary measurement of body temperature as compared with nasopharyngeal method.Materials and Methods: This descriptive analytical study was conducted on 200 patients admitted to the Teaching Hospital in the city of Bushehr in 2014 using convenient sampling. After obtaining informed consent, measurements were done using nasopharyngeal and axillary methods on both sides, and recorded along with patient demographics.Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.34±17.72 years old. Their mean body temperature was 37.04±0.83 and 36.79±0.83oC in nasopharyngeal and axillary methods, respectively. The best cut-off point was 37.6oC in axillary method with the sensitivity of 88.8% and specificity of 94.5%. No significant difference was observed between right and left axillary temperature (p=0.06). A high correlation was observed between the nasopharyngeal temperation and both right (r=0.90) and left (r=0.85) axillary temperature.Conclusion: Digital axillary thermometer is accurate for measuring body temperature.

Introduction: As cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of disability and early death around the world and they increase the cost of health care, their prevention is deemed important. Population Attributable Fraction, one of the most important indicators in public health and closely associated with epidemiology, can help measure the effects and contribution of risk factors to public health and assess potential outcomes of preventive interventions for community health.Materials and Methods: This review article examined all papers published in scientific resources such as Medline, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, SID and Science Direct in Persian or English from 2005 to 2015. Keywords of the present study were selected from MESH.Results: After reviewing the results of the published papers, the following factors were found contributing to cardiovascular diseases: age over 65 years (20-35%), hypertension (10-60%), smoking (10-40%), high total cholesterol (5-45%), overweight (3-50%) and diabetes (3-15%).Conclusion: It is vital that serious preventive measures be taken for screening, diagnosis and treatment of modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, overweight and diabetes.

Introduction: The prevalence of severe and life-threatening bradycardia following spinal anesthesia, mostly associated with high spinal block, is about 2.5 percent. Numbness levels higher than T4 are considered a risk factor for occurrence of severe bradycardia and even cardiac arrest.This study presents an 81-year-old male patient presenting to Peymanieh Hospital in Jahrom to undergo a surgery for inguinal hernia and hydrocele. Until 13 minutes after spinal blocking, all vital signs were normal, but without symptoms of high spinal blocking, the patient's heart rate suddenly dropped to about 45 bpm, and a little later to 22 bpm. Fortunately, heart rate returned to normal with injection of atropine and ephedrine.Conclusion: The incidence of severe and life-threatening bradycardia is not necessarily associated with high spinal blocking and can occur even in the presence of normal spinal block. This fact highlights the importance of careful and real-time patient monitoring.

Introduction: Inflammatory markers such as fibrinogen and C-reactive protein are strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and the type of exercise may influence these biomarker responses. The present study compared the effects of two acute training methods of continuous and high- intensity interval on fibrinogen and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) responses in sedentary women.Materials & Methods: Twenty sedentary young women were randomly assigned to continuous exercise (CE) and high intensity interval training (HIE) groups (n=10). CE group performed moderate-intensity continuous exercise at an intensity of 60 to 65% of Vo2max for 40 minute on treadmill. HIE group completed 36 minutes of treadmill running with alternating 60 s at 90-95% Vo2max and 240 s at 50% Vo2max.Venous blood samples were collected before, immediately after and 60 min after training.Results: Both Fibrinogen and hs-CRP levels significantly increased immediately after both acute exercises (P<0.05) and significantly decreased close to baseline levels after 1 hour of the passive recovery (P<0.05). However, fibrinogen levels remained higher than baseline levels during recovery in CE group (P=0.007).Conclusion: Fibrinogen and hs-CRP responses were similar in both acute training methods of continuous and high intensity interval, but the continuous aerobic exercise may induce slightly higher levels of fibrinogen at recovery compared with high-intensity interval.

Introduction: Hyperlipidemia is one of the crucial factors in the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to examine the effect of Artemia urmiana on Lactobacillus acidophilus growth in probiotic milk and their effect on serum lipid profiles in rats fed with high fat diet.Materials and Methods: To determine effects of different doses (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%) of Artemia urmiana on growth of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus, 0.33 g of lyophilized Lactobacillus acidophilus was separately added to one liter of sterilized low fat milk. Sixty male Wistar rats were then divided into 6 groups of 10, and were fed with different doses of probiotic milk containing Artemia urmiana for 60 days.Blood samples were taken from all the groups at the end of day 60 to measure cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C.Results: The study results indicated that the increasing concentration of Artemia urmiana has a positive effect on the growth Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk probiotic. Also groups receiving 3 percent of Artemia urmiana powder had the lowest serum cholesterol and the highest serum triglyceride levels.Conclusion: Overall Artemia urmiana was found effective on the growth of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus in milk. Daily consumption of different doses of Artemia urmiana and lactobacillus acidophilus in milk can improve serum lipid profile through reduction of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and increasing HDL-C levels.

Introduction: Numerous factors contribute to male infertility including genital infections that may appear following microbial, fungal, and viral infections. Different studies have been recently conducted in the world on papillomavirus infection and its effect on functional parameters of sperm including motility, morphology, sperm count, and reduced male fertility. However, the correlation between papillomavirus infection and male infertility is still ambiguous.Materials and Methods: In this study, 50 semen samples of fertile men (as the control group) and 50 semen samples of infertile men were collected from Infertility Center of Qom Jihad Daneshgahi, Qom, Iran. The semen samples were analyzed according to World Health Organization’s standard methods and papillomavirus was detected using PCR and virus L1 region replication.Results: The analyzed spermogram of 50 infertile samples showed that 36%, 68%, and 72% of the samples had problems, respectively in terms of count, motility, and morphology, and 52% of the infertile samples had problems in all three parameters. The DNA of human papillomavirus was not detected in any fertile and infertile samples.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there was no correlation between papillomavirus infection and male infertility. It seems that factors such as male circumcision, lack of homosexual behavior, and lack of multiple sexual partners were effective in reducing the prevalence of HPV in the studied male population.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a disease of central nervous system. Researchers have turned to traditional medicine for the treatment of MS. The present article aimed to investigate the protective effect of Aloe Vera alcoholic extract gel on changes of estrogen and progesterone in experimental MS models of female rats.Materials and Methods: A total number of 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 equal groups. The experimental group 1 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide in lateral ventricles and received normal saline gavage; the experimental group 2 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide in lateral ventricles and received 50 mg/Kg of Aloe Vera; the experimental group 3 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide in lateral ventricles and received 100 mg/Kg of Aloe Vera, the experimental group 4 received 14 micro liters of ethidium bromide in lateral ventricles and received 200 mg/Kg of Aloe Vera. The control group did not receive any drugs. The sham group received 14 micro liters saline in lateral ventricles.. Finally, blood samples were taken from their hearts in order to measure the serum concentration of estrogen and progesterone.Results: The serum concentration of estrogen in the sham group, experimental groups 1 and 2 was significantly lower than that in the control group. The concentration of progesterone in the sham group, experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 was significantly lower than that in the control group..Conclusion: The results show that MS decreased estrogen and progesterone, and that the active ingredients of Aloe Vera increased the concentration of the estrogen and progesterone in rats with MS.

Introduction: This study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of green tea extract on ovary tissue function in rats treated by Malathion insecticide.Materials and Methods: A total of 72 mature Wistar rats aged 2 to 3 months (approximate weight of 200±15 g) were experimented. Rats were divided into 9 groups of eight. Control group did not receive any medication.Sham group was given 0.2 cc physiological serum and experimental groups 1, 2 and 3 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/KG bw green tea extract respectively, experimental 4 was given 40 mg/KG bw Malathion and experimental groups 5, 6 and 7 received 100, 200 and 400 mg/KG bw green tea extract respectively and 40 mg/KG bw Malathion. After 15 days, the serum levels of sex hormones were measured, and ovaries were removed for counting the ovarian follicles.Results: Serum concentration of estrogen, progesterone, FSH and LH were significantly decreased in experimental group 4 compared to control and other groups. The primary and Graafian follicles decreased in experimental group 4 compared to control group. Primary and secondary follicles and corpus luteum significantly decreased in experimental group 4 compared to control group. All examined parameters except Graafian follicles and corpus luteum increased in the experimental groups 5, 6 and 7 compared to experimental group 4. Follicular atresia increased in experimental group 4 compared to other groups and significantly decreased in experimental groups 5, 6 and 7 compared to experimental group 4.Conclusions: Malathion had an adverse effect on secretion of sex hormones in female rats, as well as the process of oogenesis, and green tea extract decreased those negative effects.